Cited by 588Marine Plankton and BiogeochemistryOcean Acidification Effects and ResponsesOceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

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Warming up, turning sour, losing breath: ocean biogeochemistry under global change

Gruber, Nicolas·2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

DOI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0003

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Abstract

In the coming decades and centuries, the ocean's biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems will become increasingly stressed by at least three independent factors. Rising temperatures, ocean acidification and ocean deoxygenation will cause substantial changes in the physical, chemical and biological environment, which will then affect the ocean's biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems in ways that we are only beginning to fathom. Ocean warming will not only affect organisms and biogeochemical cycles directly, but will also increase upper ocean stratification. The changes in the ocean's carbonate chemistry induced by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (i.e. ocean acidification) will probably affect many organisms and processes, although in ways that are currently not well understood. Ocean deoxygenation, i.e. the loss of dissolved oxygen (O(2)) from the ocean, is bound to occur in a warming and more stratified ocean, causing stress to macro-organisms that critically depend on sufficient levels of oxygen. These three stressors-warming, acidification and deoxygenation-will tend to operate globally, although with distinct regional differences. The impacts of ocean acidification tend to be strongest in the high latitudes, whereas the low-oxygen regions of the low latitudes are most vulnerable to ocean deoxygenation. Specific regions, such as the eastern boundary upwelling systems, will be strongly affected by all three stressors, making them potential hotspots for change.…

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Authors: Gruber, N.
Affiliations: ETH Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author: Gruber, Nicolas
ORCID: Gruber, Nicolas
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Publisher: The Royal Society
Published: 2011-05-28
Volume: 369
Issue: 1943
Pages: 1980-1996
ISSN: 1364-503X (ISSN-L)
1471-2962
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0003
OpenAlex: W2155033464
Cited by: 588
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 20.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Keywords: ocean warming, ocean acidification, ocean deoxygenation, marine biogeochemical cycles, ocean stratification, carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen, eastern boundary upwelling systems, organic matter export, synergistic effect, global change, anthropogenic CO2 uptake, CO2 emission reduction
MeSH terms: Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Oceans and Seas, Oxygen, Seawater, Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, Global Warming

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Warming up, turning sour, losing breath: ocean biogeochemistry under global change

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