Cited by 4,035Marine and coastal ecosystemsAtmospheric and Environmental Gas DynamicsClimate variability and models

The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO 2

Sabine, Christopher L., Feely, Richard A., Gruber, Nicolas, Key, Robert M., Lee, Kitack, Bullister, John L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Wong, C. S. +7 more·2004·Science

Abstract

Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 ± 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for ∼48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere of about 39 ± 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1097403

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Increased dissolution of atmospheric CO2 in oceans and lakes leads to their further acidification, with many undesirable consequences.

    “but increased dissolution of atmospheric CO 2 in oceans (and lakes) leads to their further acidification, with many undesirable consequences (Sabine et al., 2004;Orr et al., 2005;Riebesell et al., 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008;McNeil and Matear, 2008;Reid et al., 2009;Doney, 2010;Shi et al., 2010;Turley et al., 2010).”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sabine, C. L., Feely, R. A., Gruber, N., Key, R. M., Lee, K., Bullister, J. L., Wanninkhof, R., Wong, C. S., Wallace, D. W. R., Tilbrook, B., Millero, F. J., Peng, T.-H., Kozyr, A., Ono, T., & Rios, A. F.
Affiliations
  • Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
Corresponding author
Sabine, Christopher L.
Venue
Science
Published
2004-07-16
Volume
305
Issue
5682
Pages
367-371
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2168062665
Cited by
4,035
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 114 · 2025: 175 · 2024: 186 · 2023: 211 · 2022: 280 · 2021: 219 · 2020: 203 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 210 · 2017: 210 · 2016: 193 · 2015: 211 · 2014: 226 · 2013: 240 · 2012: 208
FWCI
66.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
  • Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Keywords
ocean carbon sink, anthropogenic CO2, inorganic carbon, fossil fuel emissions, carbon storage, global carbon budget
MeSH terms
Animals, Atmosphere, Calcification, Physiologic, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Fossil Fuels, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Industry, Oceans and Seas, Seawater, Temperature

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review