Cited by 41Retinal Development and DisordersPhotoreceptor and optogenetics researchRetinoids in leukemia and cellular processes

Evolution and the origin of the visual retinoid cycle in vertebrates

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Kusakabe, Takehiro G., Takimoto, Noriko, Jin, Minghao, Tsuda, Motoyuki·2009·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Abstract

Absorption of a photon by visual pigments induces isomerization of 11- cis -retinaldehyde (RAL) chromophore to all- trans -RAL. Since the opsins lacking 11- cis -RAL lose light sensitivity, sustained vision requires continuous regeneration of 11- cis -RAL via the process called ‘visual cycle’. Protostomes and vertebrates use essentially different machinery of visual pigment regeneration, and the origin and early evolution of the vertebrate visual cycle is an unsolved mystery. Here we compare visual retinoid cycles between different photoreceptors of vertebrates, including rods, cones and non-visual photoreceptors, as well as between vertebrates and invertebrates. The visual cycle systems in ascidians, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, show an intermediate state between vertebrates and non-chordate invertebrates. The ascidian larva may use retinochrome-like opsin as the major isomerase. The entire process of the visual cycle can occur inside the photoreceptor cells with distinct subcellular compartmentalization, although the visual cycle components are also present in surrounding non-photoreceptor cells. The adult ascidian probably uses RPE65 isomerase, and trans -to- cis isomerization may occur in distinct cellular compartments, which is similar to the vertebrate situation. The complete transition to the sophisticated retinoid cycle of vertebrates may have required acquisition of new genes, such as interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, and functional evolution of the visual cycle genes.

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Crossref · 10.1098/rstb.2009.0043

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125 of 125 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Visual perception starts with the absorption of a photon, which induces isomerization of 11cRAL to 11-trans retinaldehyde; then 11tRAL is released from opsin and the 11-cis chromophore is regenerated for sustained vision.

    “Visual perception starts with the absorption of a photon, which induces isomerization of 11cRAL to 11-trans retinaldehyde (11tRARL).Then 11tRAL is released from opsin and the 11-cis chromophore is regenerated for sustained vision.”
  • 11cRAL works as a chromophore and binds opsin, a G protein.

    “11cRAL works as a chromophore and binds opsin, a G protein.”
  • Vitamin A is essential for vision.

    “Vitamin A is essential for vision.”
  • In the eye, the active metabolite of vitamin A is 11-cis-retinaldehyde (11cRAL).

    “In the eye, its active metabolite is 11-cis -retinaldehyde (11cRAL) (for review, see Ref. 8 ).”

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Authors
Kusakabe, T. G., Takimoto, N., Jin, M., & Tsuda, M.
Affiliations
  • Konan University (JP)
  • University of Hyogo (JP)
  • Louisiana State University (US)
  • Tokushima Bunri University (JP)
Corresponding author
Tsuda, Motoyuki
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Published
2009-10-12
Volume
364
Issue
1531
Pages
2897-2910
ISSN
  • 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-2970
OpenAlex
W2102212845
Cited by
41
References
126
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (17018018)
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21570174, 18370089, 16370075, 17018018)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Keywords
visual cycle, retinoid cycle, 11-cis-retinal regeneration, visual pigment regeneration, opsin evolution, retinochrome, RPE65, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, photoreceptors, rods and cones, ascidians, vertebrate evolution, subcellular compartmentalization, gene acquisition
MeSH terms
Animals, Phylogeny, Retinaldehyde, Vertebrates, Vision, Ocular, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Evolution, Molecular, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate

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