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The population genetics of mutations: good, bad and indifferent

Loewe, Laurence, Hill, William G.·2010·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0317
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Abstract

Population genetics is fundamental to our understanding of evolution, and mutations are essential raw materials for evolution. In this introduction to more detailed papers that follow, we aim to provide an oversight of the field. We review current knowledge on mutation rates and their harmful and beneficial effects on fitness and then consider theories that predict the fate of individual mutations or the consequences of mutation accumulation for quantitative traits. Many advances in the past built on models that treat the evolution of mutations at each DNA site independently, neglecting linkage of sites on chromosomes and interactions of effects between sites (epistasis). We review work that addresses these limitations, to predict how mutations interfere with each other. An understanding of the population genetics of mutations of individual loci and of traits affected by many loci helps in addressing many fundamental and applied questions: for example, how do organisms adapt to changing environments, how did sex evolve, which DNA sequences are medically important, why do we age, which genetic processes can generate new species or drive endangered species to extinction, and how should policy on levels of potentially harmful mutagens introduced into the environment by humans be determined?

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  • Evolutionary escape velocity has already been reached with Tier 3 technologies, with the human species no longer requiring gene mutations over thousands of years to become stronger or healthier.

    “Evolutionary escape velocity has already been reached with Tier 3 technologies, with the human species no longer requiring gene mutations over the course of thousands of years to become stronger or healthier as technologies to edit genes are already here. 56”

    From Three Tiers to biological escape velocity: The quest to outwit aging (2022) · cites this paper as [56]

    The introduction (p. 1) describes mutations as raw materials for evolution, and General Questions and Applications (p. 11) discusses their role in adaptation. Searches for “evolutionary escape velocity,” “Tier 3 technologies,” and human gene editing found no passage addressing whether technology has removed the need for mutations over thousands of years. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Metadata

Authors
Loewe, L., & Hill, W. G.
Affiliations
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2010-04-27
Volume
365
Issue
1544
Pages
1153-1167
ISSN
  • 0962-8436
  • 1471-2970
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2009.0317
Cited by
226
References
6
Language
en
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)

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