Memory and prediction in natural gaze control.
Open accessAbstract
In addition to stimulus properties and task factors, memory is an important determinant of the allocation of attention and gaze in the natural world. One way that the role of memory is revealed is by predictive eye movements. Both smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements demonstrate predictive effects based on previous experience. We have previously shown that unskilled subjects make highly accurate predictive saccades to the anticipated location of a ball prior to a bounce in a virtual racquetball setting. In this experiment, we examined this predictive behaviour. We asked whether the period after the bounce provides subjects with visual information about the ball trajectory that is used to programme the pursuit movement initiated when the ball passes through the fixation point. We occluded a 100 ms period of the ball's trajectory immediately after the bounce, and found very little effect on the subsequent pursuit movement. Subjects did not appear to modify their strategy to prolong the fixation. Neither were we able to find an effect on interception performance. Thus, it is possible that the occluded trajectory information is not critical for subsequent pursuit, and subjects may use an estimate of the ball's trajectory to programme pursuit. These results provide further support for the role of memory in eye movements.
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The exact spatial location of the fixation is sensitive to prior beliefs about ball bounciness, shifted to a higher location when higher bounces are expected.
“The exact spatial location of this fixation is known to be sensitive to prior beliefs about ball bounciness, as it is shifted to a higher location when higher bounces are expected [65].”
From Testing predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder using models of active inference (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
The Introduction (section 1; page unavailable) says fixations were farther from the bounce point for more elastic balls and suggests that subjects use past experience to predict ball trajectories. The Results (section 3; page unavailable) also report farther fixations at greater bounce speeds. Neither passage establishes that changing prior beliefs about bounciness, rather than ball properties or trajectory, shifts fixation height. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Diaz, G., Cooper, J., & Hayhoe, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2013-10-19
- Volume
- 368
- Issue
- 1628
- Pages
- 20130064
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC3758207
- OpenAlex
- W2168929861
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY 019174, R01EY019174, EY05729)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Keywords
- predictive eye movements, smooth pursuit eye movements, saccades, visual attention allocation, ball interception, trajectory estimation, fixation duration
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Attention, Eye Movements, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Memory, Motion Perception, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Time Factors, Anticipation, Psychological
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