A review of inter- and intraspecific variation in the eutherian placenta
Open accessAbstract
The placenta is one of the most morphologically variable mammalian organs. Four major characteristics are typically discussed when comparing the placentas of different eutherian species: placental shape, maternal–fetal interdigitation, intimacy of the maternal–fetal interface and the pattern of maternal–fetal blood flow. Here, we describe the evolution of three of these features as well as other key aspects of eutherian placentation. In addition to interspecific anatomical variation, there is also variation in placental anatomy and function within a single species. Much of this intraspecific variation occurs in response to different environmental conditions such as altitude and poor maternal nutrition. Examinations of variation in the placenta from both intra- and interspecies perspectives elucidate different aspects of placental function and dysfunction at the maternal–fetal interface. Comparisons within species identify candidate mechanisms that are activated in response to environmental stressors ultimately contributing to the aetiology of obstetric syndromes such as pre-eclampsia. Comparisons above the species level identify the evolutionary lineages on which the potential for the development of obstetric syndromes emerged.
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Epitheliochorial placentation avoids many of the immunological and hemodynamic problems associated with invasive forms of placentation that underlie complications of human pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia.
“Epitheliochorial placentation avoids many of the immunological and hemodynamic problems associated with the invasive forms that underlie complications of human pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, and these may have operated as selective pressures over the millennia (131, 170, 231).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [231]
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Self-citation
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- Authors
- Gundling, W. E., & Wildman, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wildman, Derek E.
- ORCID
- Wildman, Derek E.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2015-03-05
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 1663
- Pages
- 20140072
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC4305173
- OpenAlex
- W2156213960
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R211HD068954-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
- Keywords
- placenta, placental mammals, interspecific variation, intraspecific variation, placental evolution, maternal-fetal interface, placental shape, maternal-fetal blood flow, altitude, maternal nutrition, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Female, Obstetric Labor Complications, Mammals, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Placenta, Pregnancy, Species Specificity
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