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The Microbial Ecology of the Large Bowel of Breastfed and Formula-fed Infants During the First Year of Life
Abstract
The succession of bacterial populations in the large bowel of seven breast-fed and seven formula-fed infants was examined during the first year of life. The composition of the intestinal microflora varied according to the infant's diet. During the first week of life breast-fed and formula-fed infants were colonised by enterobacteria and enterococci followed by bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp., clostridia and anaerobic streptococci. From week 4 until solid foods were given, breast-fed babies had a simple flora consisting of bifidobacteria and relatively few enterobacteria and enterococci. Formula-fed babies during the corresponding period were more often colonised by other anaerobes in addition to bifidobacteria and had higher counts of facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The introduction of solid food to the breast-fed infants caused a major disturbance in the microbial ecology of the large bowel as counts of enterobacteria and enterococci rose sharply and colonisation by Bacteroides spp., clostridia and anaerobic streptococci occurred. This was not observed when formula-fed infants began to take solids; instead, counts of facultative anaerobes remained high while colonisation by anaerobes other than bifidobacteria continued. At 12 months, the anaerobic bacterial populations of the large bowel of breast-fed and formula-fed infants were beginning to resemble those of adults in number and composition and there was a corresponding decrease in the number of facultative anaerobes. These changes are discussed in relation to changes in susceptibility to gastro-intestinal infection.
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“Multiple studies have established differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota based on whether infants are breast- or formula-fed5-7.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Some of the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in breast-fed vs formula-fed infants are thought to be secondary to the effects of MOS on these bacteria—many studies have shown an increased proportion of Bifidobacteria in breast-fed infants 6, 7, 11 compared to formula-fed infants.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“aerobic organisms seem to be more prevalent in the feces of breast-fed infants, whereas anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic organisms, which preferentially use anerobic glycolysis, are more commonly found in the feces of formula-fed infants6.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stark, P. L., & Lee, A.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Microbiology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 1982-05-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-203
- ISSN
- 0022-2615 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-5644
- OpenAlex
- W2131291912
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 6.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- infant gut microbiota, breastfeeding, infant formula, large bowel, bacterial community succession, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridia, anaerobic streptococci, facultative anaerobes, solid food introduction, infant nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Actinomycetaceae, Aerobiosis, Aging, Anaerobiosis, Bacteroides, Bottle Feeding, Breast Feeding, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, Feces, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intestine, Large, Prospective Studies
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