When “Shelter-in-Place” Isn’t Shelter That’s Safe: A Rapid Analysis of Domestic Violence Case Differences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Stay-at-Home Orders
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: This study explored the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on domestic violence (DV) with the following research questions: 1) Did DV occurring during the pandemic differ on certain variables from cases occurring on a typical day the previous year? 2) Did DV occurring after the implementation of shelter-in-place orders differ (on these same variables) from cases occurring prior to shelter-in-place orders? Methods: Two logistic regression models were developed to predict DV case differences before and during the pandemic. DV reports (N=4618) were collected from the Chicago Police Department. Cases from March 2019 and March 2020 were analyzed based on multiple variables. One model was set to predict case differences since the pandemic began, and another model was set to predict case differences during the shelter-in-place period later that month. Results: Both models were significant with multiple significant predictors. During the pandemic period, cases with arrests were 20% less likely to have occurred, and cases at residential locations were 22% more likely to have occurred. During the shelter-in-place period, cases at residential locations were 64% more likely to have occurred, and cases with child victims were 67% less likely to have occurred. Conclusions: This study offers a rapid analysis of DV case differences since the pandemic and shelter-in-place began. Additional variables and data sources could improve model explanatory power. Research, policy, and practice in this area must pivot to focus on protecting children whose access to mandated reporters has decreased and moving victims out of dangerous living situations into safe spaces.
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This study provides initial evidence that the pandemic is associated with increased likelihood of IPV.
“This study provides initial evidence the pandemic is associated with increased likelihood of IPV, which seems to support emerging evidence 16 .”
From Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Adults during COVID-19: A Brief Report (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- McLay, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLay, Molly M.
- ORCID
- McLay, Molly M.
- Venue
- Journal of Family Violence
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-06-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 861-870
- ISSN
- 0885-7482 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7788282
- OpenAlex
- W3119148873
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Family Violence (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Keywords
- domestic violence, COVID-19 pandemic, shelter-in-place orders, stay-at-home orders, police reports, arrests, child victims, mandated reporters, victim safety, Chicago Police Department
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