Functional organization of midget and parasol ganglion cells in the human retina
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ABSTRACT The functional organization of diverse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types, which shapes the visual signal transmitted to the brain, has been examined in many species. The unique spatial, temporal, and chromatic properties of the numerically dominant RGC types in macaque monkey retina are presumed to most accurately model human vision. However, the functional similarity between RGCs in macaques and humans has only begun to be tested, and recent work suggests possible differences. Here, the properties of the numerically dominant human RGC types were examined using large-scale multi-electrode recordings with fine-grained visual stimulation in isolated retina, and compared to results from dozens of recordings from macaque retina using the same experimental methods and conditions. The properties of four major human RGC types -- ON-parasol, OFF-parasol, ON-midget, and OFF-midget -- closely paralleled those of the same macaque RGC types, including the spatial and temporal light sensitivity, precisely coordinated mosaic organization of receptive fields, ON-OFF asymmetries, spatial response nonlinearity, and sampling of photoreceptor inputs over space. Putative smooth monostratified cells and polyaxonal amacrine cells were also identified based on similarities to cell types previously identified in macaque retina. The results suggest that recently proposed differences between human and macaque RGCs probably reflect experimental differences, and that the macaque model provides an accurate picture of human RGC function.
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The physiological similarities between human and macaque retina, including their responses to electrical stimulation, suggest that the benefits of the present stimulation approach could translate from the ex vivo lab prototype with healthy macaque retina to an in vivo implant in the degenerated human retina.
“The physiological similarities between human and macaque retina (Cowan et al., 2019; Kling et al., 2020; Soto et al., 2020; Rodieck, 1998), including their responses to electrical stimulation (Madugula et al., 2022), suggest that the benefits of the present stimulation approach could translate from the ex vivo lab prototype with healthy macaque retina to an in vivo implant in the degenerated human”
From Precise control of neural activity using dynamically optimized electrical stimulation (2024) · cites this paper as Kling et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Kling, A., Gogliettino, A. R., Shah, N. P., Wu, E. G., Brackbill, N., Sher, A., Litke, A. M., Silva, R. A., & Chichilnisky, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chichilnisky, E.J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-08-07
- OpenAlex
- W3048032481
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation ((DGE-114747, 0801700, 114747, GRFP DGE-114747)
- Research to Prevent Blindness (0801700)
- National Institutes of Health (DGE-114747)
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University
- National Eye Institute (EY019005, P30EY019005, NEI R01, EY021271, R01EY021271, R01EY029247)
- California National Primate Research Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- retinal ganglion cells, midget cells, parasol cells, human retina, macaque retina, receptive field organization, multi-electrode recording, isolated retina, visual signal transmission
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