Advances in neuroscience, not devices, will determine the effectiveness of visual prostheses
Abstract
Background: Innovations in engineering and neuroscience have enabled the development of sophisticated visual prosthetic devices. In clinical trials, these devices have provided visual acuities as high as 20/460, enabled coarse navigation, and even allowed for reading of short words. However, long-term commercial viability arguably rests on attaining even better vision and more definitive improvements in tasks of daily living and quality of life. Purpose: Here we review technological and biological obstacles in the implementation of visual prosthetics. Conclusions: Research in the visual prosthetic field has tackled significant technical challenges, including biocompatibility, signal spread through neural tissue, and inadvertent activation of passing axons; however, significant gaps in knowledge remain in the realm of neuroscience, including the neural code of vision and visual plasticity. We assert that further optimization of prosthetic devices alone will not provide markedly improved visual outcomes without significant advances in our understanding of neuroscience.
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The LGN presents retinotopic organisation and well-defined physical separation of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways.
“Third, LGN presents retinotopic organisation and well-defined physical separation of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways, respectively relaying information about small, slow, colourful things (parvocellular; high spatial frequency information; low temporal frequency information) and large, fast, and colourless things (magnocellular; low spatial frequency; high temporal frequency) [37,80].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [80]
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Monash Vision Group’s Gennaris Cortical Implant for Vision Restoration
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Gaze Compensation as a Technique for Improving Hand–Eye Coordination in Prosthetic Vision
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The Visual Agnosias and Related Disorders
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Hand-Camera Coordination Varies over Time in Users of the Argus® II Retinal Prosthesis System
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Focal Electrical Stimulation of Human Retinal Ganglion Cells for Vision RestorationPreprint
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Retinal Prostheses: Engineering and Clinical Perspectives for Vision Restoration
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Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges
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Beyeler, M., & Sanchez-Garcia, M. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aca69d · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“One possibility is thus that we must first address fundamental questions about the neural code of vision (Abbasi and Rizzo 2021) and (the lack of) cortical plasticity in adult visual cortex (Beyeler et al 2017), before we can explore AI-based visual augmentations.”
Nanotechnology for vision restoration
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Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review
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Aligning Visual Prosthetic Development With Implantee Needs
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Ly, K., Guo, T., Tsai, D., Muralidharan, M., Shivdasani, M. N., Lovell, N. H., & Dokos, S. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aca221 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ly, K., Italiano, M. L., Shivdasani, M. N., Tsai, D., Zhang, J., Jiang, C., Lovell, N. H., Dokos, S., & Guo, T. (2025) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2025.01.013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Thorn, J. T., Chenais, N. A. L., Hinrichs, S., Chatelain, M., & Ghezzi, D. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac5a5c · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Koo, B., & Weiland, J. D. (2022) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.11.4.19 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yousefi, T., & Kassiri, H. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3399711 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yousefi, T., Zoidl, G., & Kassiri, H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2024.3488713 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Guo, T., Chang, Y.-C., Li, L., Dokos, S., & Li, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1116900 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding the Impact of EEG Segment Length on Biometric Authentication
Alzahab, N. A., Scalise, L., & Baldi, M. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Computing, Engineering and Design (ICCED) · doi:10.1109/icced64257.2024.10982910 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yousefi, T., & Kassiri, H. (2021) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644934 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Probing the Impact of Inner Retinal Network Changes on Subretinal Electrical Stimulation Responses
Wang, R., Ly, K., Li, J., Italiano, M. L., Shivdasani, M. N., Tsai, D., Zhang, J., Lovell, N. H., Dokos, S., & Guo, T. (2024) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782307 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vadeghani, E. M., Moallemi, A., & Shahriari, D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95730-4.00005-6
Expanding Human Capabilities with Neurotechnology
Chaudhary, U. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78991-5_10
- Authors
- Abbasi, B., & Rizzo, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rizzo, Joseph F.
- ORCID
- Abbasi, Bardia
- Venue
- Seminars in Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-03-18
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 168-175
- ISSN
- 0882-0538 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-5205
- OpenAlex
- W3137926359
- Semantic Scholar
- 72017f011c6538b151ffdd32fd593d709dd7193b
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Seminars in Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- retinal prosthesis, visual plasticity, biocompatibility, visual acuity, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Quality of Life, Reading, Vision, Ocular, Visual Acuity, Visual Prosthesis
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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