Focal electrical stimulation of major ganglion cell types in the primate retina for the design of visual prostheses
Open accessAbstract
Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons with an advanced retinal prosthesis may eventually provide high-resolution artificial vision to the blind. However, the success of future prostheses depends on the ability to activate the major parallel visual pathways of the human visual system. Electrical stimulation of the five numerically dominant retinal ganglion cell types was investigated by simultaneous stimulation and recording in isolated peripheral primate (Macaca sp.) retina using multi-electrode arrays. ON and OFF midget, ON and OFF parasol, and small bistratified ganglion cells could all be activated directly to fire a single spike with submillisecond latency using brief pulses of current within established safety limits. Thresholds for electrical stimulation were similar in all five cell types. In many cases, a single cell could be specifically activated without activating neighboring cells of the same type or other types. These findings support the feasibility of direct electrical stimulation of the major visual pathways at or near their native spatial and temporal resolution.
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The ex vivo lab prototype provides reliable experimental access to complete populations of ON and OFF parasol cell types in macaque retina.
“These data provide reliable experimental access to complete populations of ON and OFF parasol cell types in macaque retina, so these two cell types are the focus of the empirical analysis.”
From Precise control of neural activity using dynamically optimized electrical stimulation (2024) · cites this paper as Jepson et al., 2013
Custom circuitry disconnected the recording amplifiers during stimulation, reducing stimulation artifacts and making it possible to identify elicited spikes on the stimulating electrode as well as nearby electrodes.
“Custom circuitry disconnected the recording amplifiers during stimulation, reducing stimulation artifacts and making it possible to identify elicited spikes on the stimulating electrode as well as nearby electrodes (Hottowy et al., 2012; Jepson et al., 2013).”
From Precise control of neural activity using dynamically optimized electrical stimulation (2024) · cites this paper as Jepson et al., 2013
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jepson, L. H., Hottowy, P., Mathieson, K., Gunning, D. E., Dąbrowski, W., Litke, A. M., & Chichilnisky, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- AGH University of Krakow (PL)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-04-24
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 7194-7205
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3735130
- OpenAlex
- W1995001599
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- McKnight Foundation
- Research Councils UK
- National Institutes of Health (5r21eb004410-02)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G042446/1, EP/E039731/1)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY021271)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21-EB-004410, 5R21EB004410)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- retinal prosthesis, midget ganglion cells, primate retina, stimulation threshold, microelectrode arrays, parallel visual pathways, artificial vision
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Female, Macaca, Male, Photic Stimulation, Prosthesis Design, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Visual Pathways, Visual Prosthesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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