PreprintCited by 4Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Protective ApoE variants support neuronal function by extracting peroxidated lipids

Open access
Ralhan, Isha, Do, Alison D., Bae, Ju-Young, Feringa, Femke M., Cai, Wendy, Chang, Jinlan, Chik, Kennedi, Lee, Nathanael YJ +5 more·2025·bioRxiv

Abstract

SUMMARY: ApoE mediates the transport of lipids from neurons to glial lipid droplets. ApoE4, a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, impairs this transport pathway, increasing risk for neurodegeneration. ApoE2 and ApoE3 Christchurch (ApoE3Ch) variants confer resistance to developing the disease, yet little is known regarding how these protective variants affect lipid transport. Here, we explored how lipoprotein particles containing different ApoE isoforms affect neuronal health in vitro and in intact rodent hippocampi. We demonstrate that ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch particles protect neurons from ferroptosis by preferentially extracting peroxidated unsaturated lipids through the neuronal ABCA7 transporter. ApoE4 particles, on the other hand, exacerbate the effects of these toxic lipids leading to endolysosomal dysfunction. By reducing the peroxidated lipid burden in ApoE4 neurons, ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch particles rescue endolysosomal function and restore defects in neuronal activity. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch isoforms protect neurons from neurodegenerative disease. Highlights: ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch reduce neuronal ferroptosis by peroxidated lipid efflux via ABCA7 Lysosomal defects caused by lipid peroxidation are rescued by ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch particles protect ApoE4 hippocampi from toxicity ApoE2 and ApoE3Ch particles rescue impaired neuronal activity in ApoE4 hippocampi

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Crossref · 10.1101/2025.03.05.641722

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45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. 10.1016/j.cell.2019.1004.1001 · DOI
  2. 10.1073/pnas.2112095118/-/DCSupplemental · DOI

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Authors
Ralhan, I., Do, A. D., Bae, J.-Y., Feringa, F. M., Cai, W., Chang, J., Chik, K., Lee, N. Y., Gerry, C., van der Kant, R., Jackson, J., Ricq, E. L., & Ioannou, M. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Alberta (CA)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Kisbee Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
  • Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Corresponding author
Ioannou, Maria S.
Venue
bioRxiv
Publisher
openRxiv
Published
2025-03-10
OpenAlex
W4408294188
Cited by
4
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
ZonMw (733050515)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
apolipoprotein E, APOE2, APOE ε4, ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, ABCA7, lipoprotein particles, endolysosomal dysfunction, hippocampus, Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, unsaturated lipids

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