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Astrogliosis
Open accessAbstract
In addition to their many functions in the healthy central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes respond to CNS damage and disease through a process called astrogliosis. For many decades, astrogliosis was sparsely studied and enigmatic. This article examines recent evidence supporting a definition of astrogliosis as a spectrum of heterogeneous potential changes in astrocytes that occur in a context-specific manner as determined by diverse signaling events that vary with the nature and severity of different CNS insults. Astrogliosis is associated with essential beneficial functions, but under specific circumstances can lead to harmful effects. Potential dysfunctions of astrocytes and astrogliosis are being identified that can contribute to, or be primary causes of, CNS disorders, leading to the notion of astrocytopathies. A conceptual framework is presented that allows consideration of normally occurring and dysfunctional astrogliosis and their different roles in CNS disorders.
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“The analysis of individual genes and pathways upregulated in aging astrocytes revealed changes associated with reactive astrocytes, including upregulation of Gfap, Serpina3n, the complement cascade, and cytokines (Sofroniew, 2015; Zamanian et al., 2012).”
From The aging astrocyte transcriptome from multiple regions of the mouse brain. (2018) · cites this paper as Sofroniew, 2015
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“We find that astrocytes in the aging brain exhibit gene expression changes consistent with reactive astrocytes, albeit with changes of a lesser magnitude, showing a mild to moderate level of reactivity (Sofroniew, 2015).”
From The aging astrocyte transcriptome from multiple regions of the mouse brain. (2018) · cites this paper as Sofroniew, 2015
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“Astroglia are interacting with synapses and forming part of the synapse structure [86, 87]”
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Fontana, A. C. K., Beleboni, R. O., Wojewodzic, M. W., dos Santos, W. F., Coutinho‐Netto, J., Grutle, N. J., Watts, S. D., Danbolt, N. C., & Amara, S. (2007) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.107.037127 · Cited by 88
Regulation of System xc−Activity and Expression in Astrocytes by Interleukin‐1β
Jackman, N. A., Uliasz, T. F., Hewett, J. A., & Hewett, S. J. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.21050 · Cited by 85
Jin, B., Zhang, H., Binder, D. K., & Verkman, A. S. (2012) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.201210883 · Cited by 85
Changes in the expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT3/EAAC1 in health and disease
Bianchi, M. G., Bardelli, D., Chiu, M., & Bussolati, O. (2013) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1484-0 · Cited by 81
Fibrocytes: emerging effector cells in chronic inflammation
Peng, H., & Herzog, E. L. (2012) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.03.002 · Cited by 75
IL-6-type cytokines enhance epidermal growth factor-stimulated astrocyte proliferation
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Patterson, P. H. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.09.008 · Cited by 62
Depression, cytokines, and glial function
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Astrocytes—Multitaskers in chronic pain
Hansen, R. B., & Malcangio, M. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.023 · Cited by 61
Ji, Y.-F., Zhou, L., Xie, Y., Xu, S., Zhu, J., Teng, P., Shao, C., Wang, Y., Luo, J., & Shen, Y. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22566 · Cited by 57
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Self-citationThe role of glia in late-life depression
Paradise, M., Naismith, S. L., Norrie, L. M., Graeber, M. B., & Hickie, I. B. (2012) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610212000828 · Cited by 47
Central Nervous System Fibrosis Is Associated with Fibrocyte-Like Infiltrates
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Glutamate release by primary brain tumors induces epileptic activity
Uhm, J. H. (2012) · Yearbook of Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.yneu.2012.05.017 · Cited by 8
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 109 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971
Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases
Wilson, D. M., Cookson, M. R., Van Den Bosch, L., Zetterberg, H., Holtzman, D. M., & Dewachter, I. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.032 · Cited by 1,789
“106 ,251–253 Conversely, overactive microglia play a role in synapse elimination in NDDs, potentially contributingtoneuronalnetworkdysfunction.”
Verkhratsky, A., & Nedergaard, M. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2016 · Cited by 1,678
Diversity of astrocyte functions and phenotypes in neural circuits
Khakh, B. S., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4043 · Cited by 1,239
Self-citationAstrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation
Sofroniew, M. V. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3898 · Cited by 1,202
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sofroniew, M. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sofroniew, Michael V.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2014-11-07
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- a020420
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4315924
- OpenAlex
- W4239346618
- Cited by
- 695
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- astrocyte activation, astrocytes, astrocytopathy, central nervous system injury, central nervous system disorders, astrocyte dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Astrocytes, Cell Communication, Cell Movement, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases, Cicatrix, Models, Biological, Mutation, Signal Transduction
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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