What Are 3′ UTRs Doing?
Open accessAbstract
3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are best known to regulate mRNA-based processes, such as mRNA localization, mRNA stability, and translation. In addition, 3' UTRs can establish 3' UTR-mediated protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and thus can transmit genetic information encoded in 3' UTRs to proteins. This function has been shown to regulate diverse protein features, including protein complex formation or posttranslational modifications, but is also expected to alter protein conformations. Therefore, 3' UTR-mediated information transfer can regulate protein features that are not encoded in the amino acid sequence. This review summarizes both 3' UTR functions-the regulation of mRNA and protein-based processes-and highlights how each 3' UTR function was discovered with a focus on experimental approaches used and the concepts that were learned. This review also discusses novel approaches to study 3' UTR functions in the future by taking advantage of recent advances in technology.
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Adenylate-uridylate-rich elements are involved in mRNA degradation, and degradation rate and translation life cycle can be adjusted by replacing adenylate-uridylate-rich sequences found in the 3′ UTR.
“Studies have shown that adenylate-uridylate-rich elements are involved in mRNA degradation. Degradation rate and translation life cycle can be adjusted by replacing adenylate-uridylate-rich sequences found in the 3′ UTR.137–139”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Lee SH, Mayr C. 2017. 3 ′ UTR-dependent signalosome assembly deter- mines substrate specificity of BIRC3 E3 ligase during B cell migration. In EMBO conference, RNA localisation and local translation. Barga, Italy.
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Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development
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Combinatorial optimization of mRNA structure, stability, and translation for RNA-based therapeutics
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- Authors
- Mayr, C.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mayr, Christine
- ORCID
- Mayr, Christine
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2018-09-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- a034728
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6771366
- OpenAlex
- W2890344905
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 3
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (P30 CA008748)
- Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance (P30 CA008748)
- National Institutes of Health (CA008748)
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA164190, CA008748, P30CA008748)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (DP1GM123454)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Keywords
- 3' untranslated region, mRNA regulation, mRNA stability, mRNA localization, translational regulation, protein-protein interaction, post-translational modification, protein complex formation, protein conformation, non-coding RNA
- MeSH terms
- Protein Binding, RNA, Messenger, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA-Binding Proteins, 3' Untranslated Regions, RNA Stability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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