Regulation by 3′-Untranslated Regions

Mayr, Christine

doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024704

Cited by 588RNA Research and SplicingRNA and protein synthesis mechanismsCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

Regulation by 3′-Untranslated Regions

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Mayr, Christine·2017·Annual Review of Genetics

DOI 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024704

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Abstract

3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) are the noncoding parts of mRNAs. Compared to yeast, in humans, median 3′-UTR length has expanded approximately tenfold alongside an increased generation of alternative 3′-UTR isoforms. In contrast, the number of coding genes, as well as coding region length, has remained similar. This suggests an important role for 3′-UTRs in the biology of higher organisms. 3′-UTRs are best known to regulate diverse fates of mRNAs, including degradation, translation, and localization, but they can also function like long noncoding or small RNAs, as has been shown for whole 3′-UTRs as well as for cleaved fragments. Furthermore, 3′-UTRs determine the fate of proteins through the regulation of protein–protein interactions. They facilitate cotranslational protein complex formation, which establishes a role for 3′-UTRs as evolved eukaryotic operons. Whereas bacterial operons promote the interaction of two subunits, 3′-UTRs enable the formation of protein complexes with diverse compositions. All of these 3′-UTR functions are accomplished by effector proteins that are recruited by RNA-binding proteins that bind to 3′-UTR cis-elements. In summary, 3′-UTRs seem to be major players in gene regulation that enable local functions, compartmentalization, and cooperativity, which makes them important tools for the regulation of phenotypic diversity of higher organisms.

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The function of the 3′ UTR is to maintain mRNA stability.
“Conversely, the function of the 3′ UTR is to maintain mRNA stability.135,136”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [135]
3′UTR AU-rich elements can determine the rate of mRNA decay under various conditions.
“3′UTR AU-rich elements can determine the rate of mRNA decay under various conditions [1,8].”
From Untranslated Region Sequences and the Efficacy of mRNA Vaccines against Tuberculosis (2024) · cites this paper as [8]

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3′ UTR-isoform choice has limited influence on the stability and translational efficiency of most mRNAs in mouse fibroblastsPreprint
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Authors: Mayr, C.
Affiliations: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author: Mayr, Christine
ORCID: Mayr, Christine
Venue: Annual Review of Genetics
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2017-11-27
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 171-194
ISSN: 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
1545-2948
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024704
OpenAlex: W2751247278
Cited by: 588
References: 147
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 6
FWCI: 4.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.annualreviews.org/licenses/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance
National Cancer Institute (U01CA164190, P30CA008748)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (DP1GM123454)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords: 3' untranslated region, mRNA regulation, mRNA degradation, translational regulation, mRNA localization, long non-coding RNA, small RNA, protein-protein interaction, RNA-binding proteins, cis-regulatory elements, gene expression regulation, human evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacteria, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Protein Binding, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA-Binding Proteins, Molecular Motor Proteins, 3' Untranslated Regions, Protein Interaction Mapping, Polyadenylation, RNA Isoforms

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