Recognition and repair of the cyclobutane thymine dimer, a major cause of skin cancers, by the human excision nuclease
Open accessAbstract
The cyclobutane thymine dimer is the major DNA lesion induced in human skin by sunlight and is a primary cause of skin cancer, the most prevalent form of cancer in the Northern Hemisphere. In humans, the only known cellular repair mechanism for eliminating the dimer from DNA is nucleotide excision repair. Yet the mechanism by which the dimer is recognized and removed by this repair system is not known. Here we demonstrate that the six-factor human excision nuclease recognizes and removes the dimer at a rate consistent with the in vivo rate of removal of this lesion, even though none of the six factors alone is capable of efficiently discriminating the dimer from undamaged DNA. We propose a recognition mechanism by which the low-specificity recognition factors, RPA, XPA, and XPC, act in a cooperative manner to locate the lesion and, aided by the kinetic proofreading provided by TFIIH, form a high-specificity complex at the damage site that initiates removal of thymine dimers at a physiologically relevant rate and specificity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Defects in NER components cause XP, CS, and TTD, which are marked by UV sensitivity and a predisposition to skin cancers.
“Importantly, the defects in components of the NER pathway result in Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy which are characterized by sensitivity to UV irradiation and predisposition to skin cancers [11, 12].”
From NER initiation factors, DDB2 and XPC, regulate UV radiation response by recruiting ATR and ATM kinases to DNA damage sites (2013) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease.
(1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-503_7 · Cited by 7,807 · see citing works
Hopfield, J. J. (1974) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.71.10.4135 · Cited by 1,594 · see citing works
Sancar, A. (1996) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.000355 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE DISAPPEARANCE OF THYMINE DIMERS FROM DNA: AN ERROR-CORRECTING MECHANISM
Setlow, R. B., & Carrier, W. L. (1964) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.51.2.226 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Sugasawa, K., Ng, J. M. Y., Masutani, C., Iwai, S., van der Spek, P. J., Eker, A. P. M., Hanaoka, F., Bootsma, D., & Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80132-x · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Sequential Assembly of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Factors In Vivo
Volker, M., Moné, M. J., Karmakar, P., van Hoffen, A., Schul, W., Vermeulen, W., Hoeijmakers, J. H. J., DRIEL, R. V., van Zeeland, A. A., & Mullenders, L. H. F. (2001) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00281-7 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Groisman, R., Polanowska, J., Kuraoka, I., Sawada, J.-I., Saijo, M., Drapkin, R., Kisselev, A. F., Tanaka, K., & Nakatani, Y. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00316-7 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
RELEASE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-INDUCED THYMINE DIMERS FROM DNA IN E. COLI K-12
Boyce, R. P., & Howard-Flanders, P. (1964) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.51.2.293 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Recombinant replication protein A: expression, complex formation, and functional characterization
Henricksen, L. A., Umbricht, C. B., & Wold, M. S. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78100-9 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Hwang, B. J., Ford, J. M., Hanawalt, P. C., & Chu, G. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.424 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Mechanism of open complex and dual incision formation by human nucleotide excision repair factors
Evans, E., Moggs, J. G., Hwang, J. R., Egly, J., & Wood, R. D. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.21.6559 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Dual role of TFIIH in DNA excision repair and in transcription by RNA polymerase II
Drapkin, R., Reardon, J. T., Ansari, A., Huang, J.-C., Zawel, L. S., Ahn, K., Sancar, A., & Reinberg, D. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/368769a0 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Self-citationReconstitution of Human DNA Repair Excision Nuclease in a Highly Defined System
Mu, D., Park, C.-H., Matsunaga, T., Hsu, D. S., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.6.2415 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Self-citationSubpathways of nucleotide excision repair and their regulation
Hanawalt, P. C. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206096 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Nucleotide Excision Repair in Mammalian Cells
Wood, R. D. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.23465 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Huang, J. C., Svoboda, D. L., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.8.3664 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Self-citationA multistep damage recognition mechanism for global genomic nucleotide excision repair
Sugasawa, K., Okamoto, T., Shimizu, Y., Masutani, C., Iwai, S., & Hanaoka, F. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.866301 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group E Cells Lack a Nuclear Factor That Binds to Damaged DNA
Chu, G., & Chang, E. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3175673 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
RPA involvement in the damage-recognition and incision steps of nucleotide excision repair
He, Z., Henricksen, L. A., Wold, M. S., & Ingles, C. J. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374566a0 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Martinez, E., Palhan, V. B., Tjernberg, A., Lymar, E. S., Gamper, A. M., Kundu, T. K., Chait, B. T., & Roeder, R. G. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.20.6782-6795.2001 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Reaction Mechanism of Human DNA Repair Excision Nuclease
Mu, D., Hsu, D. S., & Sancar, A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.14.8285 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-citationNucleotide excision repair in yeast
Prakash, S., & Prakash, L. (2000) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00037-3 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
The Relative Cytotoxicity of (6-4) Photoproducts and Cyclobutane Dimers in Mammalian Cells
Mitchell, D. L. (1988) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02785.x · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Xeroderma Pigmentosum p48 Gene Enhances Global Genomic Repair and Suppresses UV-Induced Mutagenesis
Tang, J. Y., Hwang, B. J., Ford, J. M., Hanawalt, P. C., & Chu, G. (2000) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80252-x · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Sunlight and the onset of skin cancer
Brash, D. E. (1997) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01246-8 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Li, L., Lu, X., Peterson, C. A., & Legerski, R. J. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5396 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Guzder, S. N., Habraken, Y., Sung, P., Prakash, L., & Prakash, S. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.12973 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Huang, J. C., Hsu, D. S., Kazantsev, A. G., & Sancar, A. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.12213 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationp53 is a chromatin accessibility factor for nucleotide excision repair of DNA damage
Rubbi, C. P., & Milner, J. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg082 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Wakasugi, M., Kawashima, A., Morioka, H., Linn, S., Sancar, A., Mori, T., Nikaido, O., & Matsunaga, T. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c100610200 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of a human DNA damage binding protein implicated in xeroderma pigmentosum E.
Keeney, S., Chang, G. J., & Linn, S. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36923-6 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Brand, M., Moggs, J. G., Oulad‐Abdelghani, M., Lejeune, F., Dilworth, F. J., Stévenin, J., Almouzni, G., & Tora, L. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.12.3187 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Reardon, J. T., Nichols, A. F., Keeney, S., Smith, C. A., Taylor, J., Linn, S., & Sancar, A. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36924-8 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationBatty, D. P., Rapić-Otrin, V., Levine, A. S., & Wood, R. D. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3857 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Local UV‐induced DNA damage in cell nuclei results in local transcription inhibition
Moné, M. J., Volker, M., Nikaido, O., Mullenders, L. H. F., van Zeeland, A. A., Verschure, P. J., Manders, E. M. M., & DRIEL, R. V. (2001) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve224 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Order of Assembly of Human DNA Repair Excision Nuclease
Wakasugi, M., & Sancar, A. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.26.18759 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationMissura, M., Buterin, T., Hindges, R., Hübscher, U., Kašpárková, J., Brabec, V., & Naegeli, H. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.13.3554 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group E and UV-damaged DNA-binding protein
Tang, J. Y., & Chu, G. (2002) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/s1568-7864(02)00052-6 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Park, C.-H., Mu, D., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.9.4896 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, C., Powell, K. A., Mundt, K., Wu, L., Carr, A. M., & Caspari, T. (2003) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1090803 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Matsunaga, T., Park, C., Bessho, T., Mu, D., & Sancar, A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.19.11047 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA polymerase II stalled at a thymine dimer: footprint and effect on excision repair
Selby, C. P., Drapkin, R., Reinberg, D., & Sancar, A. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.4.787 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA Damage in the Nucleosome Core Is Refractory to Repair by Human Excision Nuclease
Hara, R., Mo, J., & Sancar, A. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.24.9173-9181.2000 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of DNA Recognition by the Human UV-damaged DNA-binding Protein
Fujiwara, Y., Masutani, C., Mizukoshi, T., Kondo, J., Hanaoka, F., & Iwai, S. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.20027 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Léveillard, T., Anděra, L., Bissonnette, N., Schaeffer, L., Bracco, L. P., Egly, J., & Wasylyk, B. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00506.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Assembly, subunit composition, and footprint of human DNA repair excision nuclease
Wakasugi, M., & Sancar, A. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6669 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationPurification of Escherichia coli DNA photolyase.
Sancar, A., Smith, F. W., & Sancar, G. B. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91117-8 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationExcision Repair in Mammalian Cells
Sancar, A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.27.15915 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationXeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome: overlapping clinical and biochemical phenotypes.
Greenhaw, G. A., Hebert, A. A., Duke-Woodside, M. E., Butler, I. J., Hecht, J. T., Cleaver, J. E., Thomas, G. H., & Horton, W. A. (1992) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Reardon, J. T., Mu, D., & Sancar, A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.32.19451 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of Reaction Intermediates of Human Excision Repair Nuclease
Mu, D., Wakasugi, M., Hsu, D. S., & Sancar, A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.46.28971 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Non-catalytic Function of XPG Protein during Dual Incision in Human Nucleotide Excision Repair
Wakasugi, M., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.25.16030 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationCullin 4A Associates with the UV-damaged DNA-binding Protein DDB
Shiyanov, P. A., Nag, A., & Raychaudhuri, P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.50.35309 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Hwang, B. J., Peters, S. T., Francke, U., & Chu, G. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.18.7.4391 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Mutations Specific to the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group E Ddb− Phenotype
Nichols, A. F., Ong, P., & Linn, S. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24317 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Datta, A., Bagchi, S., Nag, A., Shiyanov, P. A., Adami, G. R., Yoon, T., & Raychaudhuri, P. (2001) · Mutation Research/DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/s0921-8777(01)00082-9 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Katsumi, S., Kobayashi, N., Imoto, K., Nakagawa, A., Yamashina, Y., Muramatsu, T., Shirai, T., Miyagawa, S., Sugiura, S., Hanaoka, F., et al. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01540.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Rapić-Otrin, V., Kuraoka, I., Nardò, T., McLenigan, M. P., Eker, A. P. M., Stefanini, M., Levine, A. S., & Wood, R. D. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.18.6.3182 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
DNA Repair Excision Nuclease Attacks Undamaged DNA
Branum, M. E., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m101032200 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationDDB, a Putative DNA Repair Protein, Can Function as a Transcriptional Partner of E2F1
Hayes, S. A., Shiyanov, P. A., Chen, X., & Raychaudhuri, P. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.18.1.240 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Wakasugi, M., Shimizu, M., Morioka, H., Linn, S., Nikaido, O., & Matsunaga, T. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m011177200 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Repair by human cell extracts of single (6-4) and cyclobutane thymine-thymine photoproducts in DNA.
Szymkowski, D. E., Lawrence, C. W., & Wood, R. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.9823 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Molecular Anatomy of the Human Excision Nuclease Assembled at Sites of DNA Damage
Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.16.5938-5945.2002 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationHohl, M., Thorel, F., Clarkson, S. G., & Schärer, O. D. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m213155200 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Itoh, T., O’Shea, C. E., & Linn, S. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.23.21.7540-7553.2003 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kazantsev, A. G., Mu, D., Nichols, A. F., Zhao, X., Linn, S., & Sancar, A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.5014 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationItoh, T., Yamaizumi, M., Mori, T., & Ohkubo, H. (1999) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00652.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Reardon, J. T., Thompson, L. H., & Sancar, A. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.5.1015 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationStudies of the murine DDB1 and DDB2 genes
Zolezzi, F., & Linn, S. (2000) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00022-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Kao, J. L.-F., & Taylor, J. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00004a033 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ptashne, M. and Gann, A. 2002. Genes & signals. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian DNA Repair and the DNA Damage Checkpoints
Sancar, A., Lindsey-Boltz, L. A., Ünsal-Kaçmaz, K., & Linn, S. (2004) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723 · Cited by 3,317 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding nucleotide excision repair and its roles in cancer and ageing
Marteijn, J. A., Lans, H., Vermeulen, W., & Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3822 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
Nucleotide Excision Repair in EukaryotesPreprint
Schärer, O. D. (2013) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012609 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair
Gillet, L. C. J., & Schärer, O. D. (2006) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr040483f · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2005) · Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(04)79004-2 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citationTFIIH: when transcription met DNA repair
Compe, E., & Egly, J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3350 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Mechanisms of DNA Repair by Photolyase and Excision Nuclease (Nobel Lecture)
Sancar, A. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201601524 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, J., Adar, S., Selby, C. P., Lieb, J. D., & Sancar, A. (2015) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.261271.115 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationSaccharomyces cerevisiae MutLα Is a Mismatch Repair Endonuclease
Kadyrov, F. A., Holmes, S. F., Arana, M. E., Lukianova, O. A., O’Donnell, M. E., Kunkel, T. A., & Modrich, P. L. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m707617200 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
DNA Damage and Associated DNA Repair Defects in Disease and Premature Aging
Tiwari, V., & Wilson, D. M. (2019) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.005 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Crystal Structure of the FeS Cluster–Containing Nucleotide Excision Repair Helicase XPD
Wolski, S. C., Kuper, J., Hänzelmann, P., Truglio, J. J., Croteau, D. L., Houten, B. V., & Kisker, C. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060149 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Heenan, E. J., & Sancar, A. (2008) · Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology · doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb131 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationReaction mechanisms of DNA photolyase
Brettel, K., & Byrdin, M. (2010) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2010.07.003 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Genome-wide kinetics of DNA excision repair in relation to chromatin state and mutagenesis
Adar, S., Hu, J., Lieb, J. D., & Sancar, A. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1603388113 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationGCN5 and E2F1 stimulate nucleotide excision repair by promoting H3K9 acetylation at sites of damage
Guo, R., Chen, J., Mitchell, D. L., & Johnson, D. G. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq983 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Li, C., Gołębiowski, F., Onishi, Y., Samara, N. L., Sugasawa, K., & Yang, W. (2015) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.08.012 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Wittschieben, B. Ø., Iwai, S., & Wood, R. D. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m507854200 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Nucleotide Excision Repair and Transcriptional Regulation: TFIIH and Beyond
Compe, E., & Egly, J. (2016) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014857 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Nucleotide Excision Repair Eliminates Unique DNA-Protein Cross-links from Mammalian Cells
Baker, D., Wuenschell, G. E., Xia, L., Termini, J. S., Bates, S., Riggs, A. D., & O'Connor, T. R. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702856200 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Kang, T.-H., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1318 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of DNA damage recognition and strand discrimination in human nucleotide excision repair
Dip, R., Camenisch, U., & Naegeli, H. (2004) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.05.005 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Salmon, A. B., Akha, A. A. S., Buffenstein, R., & Miller, R. A. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.3.232 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The xeroderma pigmentosum pathway: Decision tree analysis of DNA quality
Naegeli, H., & Sugasawa, K. (2011) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.04.019 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Li, J., Wang, Q.-E., Zhu, Q., El-Mahdy, M. A., Wani, G., Prætorius-Ibba, M., & Wani, A. A. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1115 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Escherichia coli 3-Methyladenine DNA Glycosylase AlkA Has a Remarkably Versatile Active Site
O’Brien, P., & Ellenberger, T. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m403860200 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Recognition of helical kinks by xeroderma pigmentosum group A protein triggers DNA excision repair
Camenisch, U., Dip, R., Schumacher, S. B., Schuler, B., & Naegeli, H. (2006) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb1061 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Nucleotide Excision Repair in Human Cells
Hu, J., Choi, J.-H., Gaddameedhi, S., Kemp, M. G., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.482257 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationRepair of DNA–polypeptide crosslinks by human excision nuclease
Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600538103 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationNucleotide Excision Repair in E. Coli and Man
Sancar, A., & Reardon, J. T. (2004) · Advances in protein chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(04)69002-4 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanism of Release and Fate of Excised Oligonucleotides during Nucleotide Excision Repair
Kemp, M. G., Reardon, J. T., Lindsey‐Boltz, L. A., & Sancar, A. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.374447 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA Quality Control by Conformational Readout on the Undamaged Strand of the Double Helix
Buterin, T., Meyer, C., Giese, B., & Naegeli, H. (2005) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.06.011 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Itoh, T., Cado, D., Kamide, R., & Linn, S. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0306551101 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Crosstalk between the nucleolus and the DNA damage response
Ogawa, L. M., & Baserga, S. J. (2017) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c6mb00740f · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanism of Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair
Petruseva, I. O., Evdokimov, A. N., & Lavrik, O. I. (2014) · Acta Naturae · doi:10.32607/20758251-2014-6-1-23-34 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Strand- and site-specific DNA lesion demarcation by the xeroderma pigmentosum group D helicase
Mathieu, N., Kaczmarek, N., & Naegeli, H. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1004339107 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ray, A., Milum, K., Battu, A., Wani, G., & Wani, A. A. (2013) · DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.01.003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“carcinoma, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia [11, 12, 67-69].”
BackgroundHuman MutLγ, the MLH1–MLH3 heterodimer, is an endonuclease that promotes DNA expansion
Kadyrova, L. Y., Gujar, V. V., Burdett, V., Modrich, P. L., & Kadyrov, F. A. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1914718117 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Fei, J., Kaczmarek, N., Luch, A., Glas, A. F., Carell, T., & Naegeli, H. (2011) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001183 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Koeppel, F., Poindessous, V., Lazar, V., Raymond, É., Sarasin, A. R., & Larsen, A. K. (2004) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0442 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Dunand-Sauthier, I., Hohl, M., Thorel, F., Jaquier-Gubler, P., Clarkson, S. G., & Schärer, O. D. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m412228200 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms and genomic maps of DNA excision repair in Escherichia coli and humans
Hu, J., Selby, C. P., Adar, S., Adebali, O., & Sancar, A. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r117.807453 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationThorel, F., Constantinou, A., Dunand-Sauthier, I., Nouspikel, T. P., Lalle, P., Raams, A., Jaspers, N. G. J., Vermeulen, W., Shivji, M. K. K., Wood, R. D., et al. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.24.24.10670-10680.2004 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Enhanced DDB2 expression protects mice from carcinogenic effects of chronic UV-B irradiation
Alekseev, S., Kool, H., Rebel, H., Fousteri, M., Moser, J., Backendorf, C., de Gruijl, F. R., Vrieling, H., & Mullenders, L. H. F. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2295 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kropachev, K. Y., Kolbanovskiy, M., Cai, Y., Rodríguez, F. A., Kolbanovskiy, A., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Amin, S., Patel, D. J., Broyde, S. B., et al. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.12.082 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2006) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(06)08012-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationRepair of UV lesions in nucleosomes – intrinsic properties and remodeling
Thoma, F. (2005) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.04.005 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mu, H., Geacintov, N. E., Broyde, S. B., Yeo, J.-E., & Schärer, O. D. (2018) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.08.005 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Recruitment of DNA damage checkpoint proteins to damage in transcribed and nontranscribed sequences
Jiang, G., & Sancar, A. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.26.1.39-49.2006 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of Transcription-Coupled Repair
Selby, C. P., Lindsey‐Boltz, L. A., Li, W., & Sancar, A. (2023) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-041522-034232 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationThoma, B. S. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki610 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Kulaksiz-Erkmen, G., Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.22.9784-9792.2005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationNucleotide Excision Repair: From Molecular Defects to Neurological Abnormalities
Krasikova, Y. S., Rechkunova, N. I., & Lavrik, O. I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22126220 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Politi, A. Z., Moné, M. J., Houtsmuller, A. B., Hoogstraten, D., Vermeulen, W., Heinrich, R., & DRIEL, R. V. (2005) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.036 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Puumalainen, M.-R., Rüthemann, P., Min, J., & Naegeli, H. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2075-z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Harbach, P. H. P., Schneider, M., Faraji, S., & Dreuw, A. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz400104h · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Geacintov, N. E., & Broyde, S. B. (2017) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00128 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Impact of Age and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on DNA Damage Responses in UV-Irradiated Human Skin
Kemp, M. G., Spandau, D. F., & Travers, J. B. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22030356 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Physicochemical Mechanism of Light-Driven DNA Repair by (6-4) Photolyases
Faraji, S., & Dreuw, A. (2013) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103626 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Electronic Structure of (6−4) DNA Photoproduct Repair Involving a Non-Oxetane Pathway
Domratcheva, T. M., & Schlichting, I. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja904550d · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Guzder, S. N., Torres‐Ramos, C. A., Johnson, R. E., Haracska, L., Prakash, L., & Prakash, S. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1232804 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Trego, K. S., & Turchi, J. J. (2006) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi051936t · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The human intra-S checkpoint response to UVC-induced DNA damage
Kaufmann, W. K. (2009) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp230 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Guzder, S. N., Sommers, C. H., Prakash, L., & Prakash, S. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.26.3.1135-1141.2006 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Stoyanova, T. I., Yoon, T., Kopanja, D., MOKYR, M. B., & Raychaudhuri, P. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00880-07 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhang, J., Lee, J., Lin, P. S., Ford, J. M., Zheng, N., & Zhou, P. (2006) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.04.021 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Choi, J.-H., Gaddameedhi, S., Kim, S. Y., Hu, J., Kemp, M. G., & Sancar, A. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1179 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationBuechner, C. N., Heil, K., Michels, G., Carell, T., Kisker, C., & Teßmer, I. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.523001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
DNA repair triggered by sensors of helical dynamics
Maillard, O., Camenisch, U., Clement, F. C., Blagoev, K. B., & Naegeli, H. (2007) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.08.008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ray, A., Blevins, C., Wani, G., & Wani, A. A. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159344 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Clement, F. C., Camenisch, U., Fei, J., Kaczmarek, N., Mathieu, N., & Naegeli, H. (2009) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.08.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Dark Side of UV-Induced DNA Lesion Repair
Strzałka, W., Zgłobicki, P., Kowalska, E., Bażant, A., Dziga, D., & Banaś, A. K. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11121450 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rechkunova, N. I., & Lavrik, O. I. (2009) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3471-7_13 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Electron-Transfer Induced Repair of 6-4 Photoproducts in DNA: A Computational Study
Borg, O. A., Eriksson, L. A., & Durbeej, B. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp0676383 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: DDB2, an Essential Mediator of Premature Senescence
Roy, N., Stoyanova, T. I., Dominguez‐Brauer, C., Park, H. J., Bagchi, S., & Raychaudhuri, P. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01480-09 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
RetractedPhysical and functional interaction between DDB and XPA in nucleotide excision repair
Wakasugi, M., Kasashima, H., Fukase, Y., Imura, M., Imai, R., Yamada, S., Cleaver, J. E., & Matsunaga, T. (2008) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkn964 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ddb2 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor and controls spontaneous germ cell apoptosis
Itoh, T., Iwashita, S., Cohen, M. B., Meyerholz, D. K., & Linn, S. (2007) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm107 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
An Integrated Approach for Analysis of the DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Cells
Choi, J.-H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S.-K., Kemp, M. G., & Sancar, A. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.690354 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationp21 Cooperates with DDB2 Protein in Suppression of Ultraviolet Ray-induced Skin Malignancies
Stoyanova, T. I., Roy, N., Bhattacharjee, S., Kopanja, D., Valli, T., Bagchi, S., & Raychaudhuri, P. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.295816 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hamimes, S., Arakawa, H., Stasiak, A. Z., Kierzek, A. M., Hirano, S., Yang, Y., Takata, M., Stasiak, A., Buerstedde, J.-M., & Dyck, E. V. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m412874200 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A scanning-to-incision switch in TFIIH-XPG induced by DNA damage licenses nucleotide excision repair
Bralić, A., Tehseen, M., Sobhy, M. A., Tsai, C.-L., Alhudhali, L., Yi, G., Yu, J., Yan, C., Ivanov, I. N., Tsutakawa, S. E., et al. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1095 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Interaction of nucleotide excision repair factors XPC-HR23B, XPA, and RPA with damaged DNA
Krasikova, Y. S., Rechkunova, N. I., Maltseva, E. A., Petruseva, I. O., Silnikov, V. N., Zatsepin, T. S., Oretskaya, T. S., Schärer, O. D., & Lavrik, O. I. (2008) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297908080063 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cells From Long-Lived Mutant Mice Exhibit Enhanced Repair of Ultraviolet Lesions
Salmon, A. B., Ljungman, M. E., & Miller, R. A. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.3.219 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sequential electron transfer governs the UV-induced self-repair of DNA photolesions
Szabla, R., Kruse, H., Stadlbauer, P., Šponer, J., & Sobolewski, A. L. (2018) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c8sc00024g · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Maillard, O., Camenisch, U., Blagoev, K. B., & Naegeli, H. (2008) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.01.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Faraji, S., & Dreuw, A. (2016) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12679 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Maltseva, E. A., Rechkunova, N. I., Gillet, L. C. J., Petruseva, I. O., Schärer, O. D., & Lavrik, O. I. (2007) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.01.007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins
Koch, S. C., Simon, N., Ebert, C., & Carell, T. (2016) · Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics · doi:10.1017/s0033583515000268 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
PostExcision Events in Human Nucleotide Excision Repair
Kemp, M. G., & Hu, J. (2016) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12641 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
XPA Gene, Its Product and Biological Roles
Camenisch, U., & Nägeli, H.-P. (2008) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09599-8_4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
An Alternative Form of Replication Protein A Expressed in Normal Human Tissues Supports DNA Repair
Kemp, M. G., Mason, A. C., Carreira, A., Reardon, J. T., Haring, S. J., Borgstahl, G. E. O., Kowalczykowski, S. C., Sancar, A., & Wold, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.079418 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationFerguson, B. E., & Oh, D. H. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1457 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Interactions of human replication protein A with single-stranded DNA adducts
Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Utzat, C. D., Yu, L. I. U., Geacintov, N. E., Basu, A. K., & Zou, Y. (2005) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20041151 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kesseler, K. J., Kaufmann, W. K., Reardon, J. T., Elston, T. C., & Sancar, A. (2007) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.025 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationXPC–PARP complexes engage the chromatin remodeler ALC1 to catalyze global genome DNA damage repair
Blessing, C., Apelt, K., van den Heuvel, D., Gonzalez-Leal, C., Rother, M. B., van der Woude, M., González‐Prieto, R., Yifrach, A., Parnas, A., Shah, R. G., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31820-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Damaged DNA Binding Protein 2 in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulation and Premature Senescence
Roy, N., Bagchi, S., & Raychaudhuri, P. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms130911012 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Faraji, S., Groenhof, G., & Dreuw, A. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp401662z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rüthemann, P., Pogliano, C. B., Codilupi, T., Garajovà, Z., & Naegeli, H. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201695742 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Faraji, S., Zhong, D., & Dreuw, A. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201511950 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Role of DNA repair in the protection against genotoxic stress
Camenisch, U., & Naegeli, H. (2009) · Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8336-7_5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Global-genome Nucleotide Excision Repair Controlled by Ubiquitin/Sumo Modifiers
Rüthemann, P., Pogliano, C. B., & Naegeli, H. (2016) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2016.00068 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Reardon, J. T., & Sancar, A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reardon, Joyce T.
- ORCID
- Sancar, Aziz
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2003-01-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2539-2551
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC218148
- OpenAlex
- W4298368564
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Kanazawa University
- National Institutes of Health
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM032833, GM32833)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- cyclobutane thymine dimers, nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition, skin cancer, UV-induced DNA damage, RPA, XPA, XPC, TFIIH, kinetic proofreading, cooperative recognition
- MeSH terms
- Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase, DNA Repair, Humans, Models, Molecular, DNA Ligases, Pyrimidine Dimers, Skin Neoplasms, Protein Structure, Tertiary
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
