Cited by 1,131DNA Repair MechanismsGenetic factors in colorectal cancerCarcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

DNA excision repair

Open access
Sancar, Aziz·1996·Annual Review of Biochemistry

Abstract

In nucleotide excision repair DNA damage is removed through incision of the damaged strand on both sides of the lesion, followed by repair synthesis, which fills the gap using the intact strand as a template, and finally ligation. In prokaryotes the damaged base is removed in a 12-13 nucleotide (nt)-long oligomer; in eukaryotes including humans the damage is excised in a 24-32 nt-long fragment. Excision in Escherichia coli is accomplished by three proteins designated UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC. In humans, by contrast, 16 polypeptides including seven xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins, the trimric replication protein A [RPA, human single-stranded DNA binding protein (HSSB)], and the multisubunit (7-10) general transcription factor TFIIH are required for the dual incisions. Transcribed strands are specifically targeted for excision repair by a transcription-repair coupling factor both in E. coli and in humans. In humans, excision repair is an important defense mechanism against the two major carcinogens, sunlight and cigarette smoke. Individuals defective in excision repair exhibit a high incidence of cancer while individuals with a defect in coupling transcription to repair suffer from neurological and skeletal abnormalities.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.000355

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Authors
Sancar, A.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Sancar, Aziz
Venue
Annual Review of Biochemistry
Published
1996-06
Volume
65
Issue
1
Pages
43-81
ISSN
  • 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4509
OpenAlex
W2172916891
Cited by
1,131
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 24
FWCI
8.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Keywords
nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage, xeroderma pigmentosum, replication protein A, TFIIH, Escherichia coli, carcinogens, cancer susceptibility
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Cycle, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Escherichia coli, Humans, SOS Response, Genetics, Transcription, Genetic

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