The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
XBP-1 deficiency in the nervous system protects against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by increasing autophagy
Open accessAbstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). Recent evidence implicates adaptive responses to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the disease process via a pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we investigated the contribution to fALS of X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), a key UPR transcription factor that regulates genes involved in protein folding and quality control. Despite expectations that XBP-1 deficiency would enhance the pathogenesis of mutant SOD1, we observed a dramatic decrease in its toxicity due to an enhanced clearance of mutant SOD1 aggregates by macroautophagy, a cellular pathway involved in lysosome-mediated protein degradation. To validate these observations in vivo, we generated mutant SOD1 transgenic mice with specific deletion of XBP-1 in the nervous system. XBP-1-deficient mice were more resistant to developing disease, correlating with increased levels of autophagy in motoneurons and reduced accumulation of mutant SOD1 aggregates in the spinal cord. Post-mortem spinal cord samples from patients with sporadic ALS and fALS displayed a marked activation of both the UPR and autophagy. Our results reveal a new function of XBP-1 in the control of autophagy and indicate critical cross-talk between these two signaling pathways that can provide protection against neurodegeneration.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“antagonizing the unfolded protein response (UPR) through deletion of XBP1 [335] triggers autophagy and the clearance of SOD1 inclusions, in the process delaying disease onset and improving survival.”
From Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [335]
In the citing paper
“Conversely, genetic interventions that promote autophagy, such as the inactivation of the transcription factor XBP1 (X‐box binding protein 1) or restoration of HSPB8 expression in the nervous system, counteract ALS symptomatology by promoting the autophagy‐dependent disposal of SOD1G93A (Hetz et al, 2009; Crippa et al, 2010).”
From Autophagy in major human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as Hetz et al, 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
2 retracted
Atkin, J. D., Farg, M. A., Walker, A. K., McLean, C., Tomas, D., & Horne, M. K. (2008) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.02.009 · Cited by 350
RetractedAtkin, J. D., Farg, M. A., Turner, B. J., Tomas, D., Lysaght, J. A., Nunan, J., Rembach, A., Nagley, P., Beart, P. M., Cheema, S. S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m603393200 · Cited by 289
RetractedRepertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases
Li, Y., Jiang, Q. L., Cao, G.-F., Yao, J., & Yan, B. (2015) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000373980 · Cited by 16,351
Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease
Levine, B., & Kroemer, G. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018 · Cited by 7,069
Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
Mizushima, N., Levine, B., Cuervo, A. M., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06639 · Cited by 6,452
Self-citationSignal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
Ron, D., & Walter, P. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2199 · Cited by 6,431
Autophagy and Viruses: Adversaries or Allies?
Dong, X., & Levine, B. (2013) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000346388 · Cited by 4,444
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
Klionsky, D. J., Abdalla, F. C., Abeliovich, H., Abraham, R. T., Acevedo-Arozena, A., Adeli, K., Agholme, L., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Aguirre-Ghiso, J. A., et al. (2012) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.19496 · Cited by 3,996
Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice
Hara, T., Nakamura, K., Matsui, M., Yamamoto, A., Nakahara, Y., Suzuki-Migishima, R., Yokoyama, M., Mishima, K., Saito, I., Okano, H., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04724 · Cited by 3,882
Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing
Kuro-o, M., Matsumura, Y., Aizawa, H., Kawaguchi, H., Suga, T., Utsugi, T., Ohyama, Y., Kurabayashi, M., Kaname, T., Kume, E., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/36285 · Cited by 3,837
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate decisions under ER stress and beyond
Hetz, C. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3270 · Cited by 4,223
Self-citationAutophagy and the Integrated Stress Response
Kroemer, G., Mariño, G., & Levine, B. (2010) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.023 · Cited by 3,506
Mechanisms, regulation and functions of the unfolded protein response
Hetz, C., Zhang, K., & Kaufman, R. J. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0250-z · Cited by 2,666
Self-citationSelf-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis
Mariño, G., Niso-Santano, M., Baehrecke, E. H., & Kroemer, G. (2014) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3735 · Cited by 2,172
Converging Mechanisms in ALS and FTD: Disrupted RNA and Protein Homeostasis
Ling, S.-C., Polymenidou, M., & Cleveland, D. W. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.07.033 · Cited by 1,811
Metadata
- Authors
- Hetz, C., Thielen, P., Matus, S., Nassif, M., Court, F., Kiffin, R., Martinez, G., Cuervo, A. M., Brown, R. H., & Glimcher, L. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Chile (CL)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2009-09-17
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 2294-2306
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC2758741
- OpenAlex
- W2149927906
- Cited by
- 530
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 44
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
- ALS Association
- National Parkinson Foundation
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- ALS Therapy Alliance
- Cure Huntington's Disease Initiative
- Broad Institute
- National Institutes of Health (AG031782)
- Parkinsonfonden
- Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG031782, AG031782)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 32412, R01AI032412)
- Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (15010006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- XBP1, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, SOD1, unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, macroautophagy, protein aggregate clearance, motor neurons, neuroprotection, transgenic mice, sporadic ALS, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors, X-Box Binding Protein 1, Superoxide Dismutase-1, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Animals, Autophagy, DNA-Binding Proteins, Endoribonucleases, Female, Humans, Longevity, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Nervous System, Spinal Cord, Superoxide Dismutase, Transcription Factors, Up-Regulation, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Mice, Gene Knockdown Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review