Converging Mechanisms in ALS and FTD: Disrupted RNA and Protein Homeostasis
Open accessAbstract
Breakthrough discoveries identifying common genetic causes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have transformed our view of these disorders. They share unexpectedly similar signatures, including dysregulation in common molecular players including TDP-43, FUS/TLS, ubiquilin-2, VCP, and expanded hexanucleotide repeats within the C9ORF72 gene. Dysfunction in RNA processing and protein homeostasis is an emerging theme. We present the case here that these two processes are intimately linked, with disease-initiated perturbation of either leading to further deviation of both protein and RNA homeostasis through a feedforward loop including cell-to-cell prion-like spread that may represent the mechanism for relentless disease progression.
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ALS is a disease of the spinal cord in which astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all contribute to disease progression.
“Rather, it is a disease of the spinal cord in which astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all contribute to disease progression (Ling et al., 2013).”
From An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia, Neurons, and Vascular Cells of the Cerebral Cortex (2014) · cites this paper as Ling et al., 2013
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes ALS as involving both lower motor neurons and upper motor neurons with their corticospinal tracts, so calling it solely a disease of the spinal cord is too narrow. The “SOD1: a central component of ALS or an outlier?” section (page unavailable) identifies astrocytes and microglia as determinants of accelerated progression in mutant-SOD1 mouse models, but links oligodendrocyte precursors to disease onset, not progression. The claim extends those model-specific findings to ALS generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe majority of disease-associated FUS mutations affect the C-terminal nuclear localization signal, resulting in cytosolic mislocalization and aggregation of mutant FUS.
“The majority of disease-associated FUS mutations affect the C-terminal nuclear localization signal, resulting in cytosolic mislocalization and aggregation of mutant FUS [232–234].”
From Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [234]
Dysfunction of TDP43 and FUS leads to phenotypes characteristic of ALS and FTLD.
“Dysfunction of transactivating response DNA binding protein (TDP43; also known as TARDBP) and fused in sarcoma (FUS; also known as TLS) lead to phenotypes that are characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontal temporal lobar disease (FTLD)”
From The neurogenetics of alternative splicing (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
TDP43 is a major component of cytoplasmic inclusions found in 95% of cases of sporadic ALS and FTLD.
“TDP43 is a major component of cytoplasmic inclusions found in 95% cases of sporadic ALS and FTLD156.”
From The neurogenetics of alternative splicing (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
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- Authors
- Ling, S.-C., Polymenidou, M., & Cleveland, D. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cleveland, Don W.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 416-438
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4411085
- OpenAlex
- W2073073462
- Cited by
- 1,811
- References
- 260
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 170 · 2020: 175 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 139 · 2017: 130 · 2016: 126 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 14.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 371 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- National Institutes of Health (K99-NS075216, R01-NS27036)
- National Institute on Aging (T32 AG 000216)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, RNA homeostasis, proteostasis, TDP-43, FUS/TLS, UBQLN2, VCP, C9orf72 repeat expansion, RNA processing, prion-like spread, feed-forward loop, disease progression
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy-Related Proteins, C9orf72 Protein, Valosin Containing Protein, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Animals, DNA-Binding Proteins, Homeostasis, Humans, Models, Biological, Mutation, Proteins, RNA, Ubiquitins, Cell Cycle Proteins, RNA-Binding Protein FUS, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Frontotemporal Dementia
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