Tissue-specific expression and regulation of sexually dimorphic genes in mice
Open accessAbstract
We report a comprehensive analysis of gene expression differences between sexes in multiple somatic tissues of 334 mice derived from an intercross between inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ. The analysis of a large number of individuals provided the power to detect relatively small differences in expression between sexes, and the use of an intercross allowed analysis of the genetic control of sexually dimorphic gene expression. Microarray analysis of 23,574 transcripts revealed that the extent of sexual dimorphism in gene expression was much greater than previously recognized. Thus, thousands of genes showed sexual dimorphism in liver, adipose, and muscle, and hundreds of genes were sexually dimorphic in brain. These genes exhibited highly tissue-specific patterns of expression and were enriched for distinct pathways represented in the Gene Ontology database. They also showed evidence of chromosomal enrichment, not only on the sex chromosomes, but also on several autosomes. Genetic analyses provided evidence of the global regulation of subsets of the sexually dimorphic genes, as the transcript levels of a large number of these genes were controlled by several expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) hotspots that exhibited tissue-specific control. Moreover, many tissue-specific transcription factor binding sites were found to be enriched in the sexually dimorphic genes.
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Transcriptome analysis of liver, muscle, and adipose tissues of mice reveals sex differences in expression of over half these genes.
“Indeed, transcriptome analysis of liver, muscle, and adipose tissues of mice reveals sex differences in expression of over half these genes [78].”
From Sex differences in metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, and obesity (2015) · cites this paper as [78]
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- Authors
- Yang, X., Schadt, E. E., Wang, S., Wang, H., Arnold, A. P., Ingram-Drake, L., Drake, T. A., & Lusis, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Genome Research
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2006-07-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 995-1004
- ISSN
- 1088-9051 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1524872
- OpenAlex
- W2122538288
- Cited by
- 922
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 50
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Genome Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HL‐28481, HL30568)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL3 0568, HL28481, P01HL030568, P01HL028481)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 071673, R01DK071673)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Keywords
- sexually dimorphic gene expression, sex differences, tissue-specific gene expression, expression quantitative trait loci, transcription factor binding sites, sex chromosomes, liver, adipose tissue, muscle, brain, C57BL/6J mice, C3H/HeJ, gene expression regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Binding Sites, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Linkage, Male, Mice, Inbred C3H, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sex Characteristics, Sex Chromosomes, Transcription Factors, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Quantitative Trait Loci, Mice
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