Sex differences in brain expression of X- and Y-linked genes
Abstract
The X chromosome plays an important role in brain development and function, as evidenced by its disproportionately high content of genes whose mutations cause mental retardation. These X-linked brain genes may play a role in sexual differentiation if they are expressed at a higher level in XX females than in XY males, due to incomplete X inactivation in females. The expression of several X escapee genes is indeed higher in brain tissues from females when compared to males. In mouse, some of the sex differences are only found in adult brains but not in other tissues. Determining the brain expression pattern of these X escapee genes is important for a better understanding of their role in the neurological phenotypes of XO Turner syndrome.
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Most escape genes identified in mice play a role in neuronal differentiation, cell survival, dendritic outgrowth, and regulation of synaptic density.
“Indeed, most escape genes identified in mice play a role in neuronal differentiation, cell survival, dendritic outgrowth, and regulation of synaptic density. 88,90”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [90]
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Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know
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- Authors
- Xu, J., & Disteche, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Jun
- ORCID
- Xu, Jun
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 1126
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-55
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073076749
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- California Institute of Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- sex differences, X-linked genes, Y-linked genes, brain gene expression, sexual differentiation, Turner syndrome, brain development, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sex Chromosomes, Sex Differentiation, Turner Syndrome, X Chromosome, Y Chromosome, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, X Chromosome Inactivation
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