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The effect of insulin and insulin‐like growth factors on hippocampus‐ and amygdala‐dependent long‐term memory formation

Stern, Sarah A., Chen, Dillon Y., Alberini, Cristina M.·2014·Learning & Memory
DOI 10.1101/lm.029348.112PMC PMC4175499
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Abstract

Recent work has reported that the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) promotes memory enhancement. Furthermore, impaired insulin or IGF1 functions have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments, hence implicating the insulin/IGF system as an important target for cognitive enhancement and/or the development of novel treatments against cognitive disorders. Here, we tested the effect of intracerebral injections of IGF1, IGF2, or insulin on memory consolidation and persistence in rats. We found that a bilateral injection of insulin into the dorsal hippocampus transiently enhances hippocampal-dependent memory and an injection of IGF1 has no effect. None of the three peptides injected into the amygdala affected memories critically engaging this region. Together with previous data on IGF2, these results indicate that IGF2 produces the most potent and persistent effect as a memory enhancer on hippocampal-dependent memories. We suggest that the memory-enhancing effects of insulin and IGF2 are likely mediated by distinct mechanisms.

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  • Restoring various serum proteins back into the blood will become a major target to restore youthful function into aged tissues, and beneficial proteins with rejuvenation properties include IGF2, GHRH, GnRH, and GDF11.

    “Restoring various serum proteins back into the blood will become a major target to restore youthful function back into aged tissues, and there are many beneficial proteins that hold rejuvenation properties such as insulin growth factor two (IGF2), 60 , 61 growth hormone releasing hormone ((GHRH), 62 gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH), 63 and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). 64 , 65”

    From Three Tiers to biological escape velocity: The quest to outwit aging (2022) · cites this paper as [60]

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Metadata

Authors
Stern, S. A., Chen, D. Y., & Alberini, C. M.
Venue
Learning & Memory
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published
2014-09-16
Volume
21
Issue
10
Pages
556-563
ISSN
1549-5485
DOI
10.1101/lm.029348.112
PMC
PMC4175499
Cited by
89
References
8
Language
en
Funders
US National Institute of Mental Health (R01/R37-MH065635, F31-MH090636, F31-MH816213)

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