The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Physical and Chemical Gradients in the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Cell Invasion, Migration, and Metastasis
Open accessAbstract
Cancer metastasis requires the invasion of tumor cells into the stroma and the directed migration of tumor cells through the stroma toward the vasculature and lymphatics where they can disseminate and colonize secondary organs. Physical and biochemical gradients that form within the primary tumor tissue promote tumor cell invasion and drive persistent migration toward blood vessels and the lymphatics to facilitate tumor cell dissemination. These microenvironment cues include hypoxia and pH gradients, gradients of soluble cues that induce chemotaxis, and ions that facilitate galvanotaxis, as well as modifications to the concentration, organization, and stiffness of the extracellular matrix that produce haptotactic, alignotactic, and durotactic gradients. These gradients form through dynamic interactions between the tumor cells and the resident fibroblasts, adipocytes, nerves, endothelial cells, infiltrating immune cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Malignant progression results from the integrated response of the tumor to these extrinsic physical and chemical cues. Here, we first describe how these physical and chemical gradients develop, and we discuss their role in tumor progression. We then review assays to study these gradients. We conclude with a discussion of clinical strategies used to detect and inhibit these gradients in tumors and of new intervention opportunities. Clarifying the role of these gradients in tumor evolution offers a unique approach to target metastasis.
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Cites
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Cited by
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The Extracellular Matrix Modulates the Metastatic Journey
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Microenvironmental Determinants of Pancreatic Cancer
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Metadata
- Authors
- Oudin, M. J., & Weaver, V. M.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 81
- Pages
- 189-205
- ISSN
- 0091-7451 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4456
- OpenAlex
- W2607123116
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 18
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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- Oudin, M. J., & Weaver, V. M. (2016). Physical and Chemical Gradients in the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Cell Invasion, Migration, and Metastasis. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2016.81.030817
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