Experimental Demonstration of Fault-Tolerant State Preparation with Superconducting Qubits
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Robust quantum computation requires encoding delicate quantum information into degrees of freedom that are hard for the environment to change. Quantum encodings have been demonstrated in many physical systems by observing and correcting storage errors, but applications require not just storing information; we must accurately compute even with faulty operations. The theory of fault-tolerant quantum computing illuminates a way forward by providing a foundation and collection of techniques for limiting the spread of errors. Here we implement one of the smallest quantum codes in a five-qubit superconducting transmon device and demonstrate fault-tolerant state preparation. We characterize the resulting code words through quantum process tomography and study the free evolution of the logical observables. Our results are consistent with fault-tolerant state preparation in a protected qubit subspace.
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Randomized benchmarking, state and process tomography, and gateset tomography fail to account for errors arising from interactions with spectator qubits.
“Methods such as randomized benchmarking [5], state and process tomography [6], and gateset tomography [7] are valued for measuring the performance of operations on a few qubits, yet they fail to account for errors arising from interactions with spectator qubits [8, 9].”
From Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Takita, M., Cross, A. W., Córcoles, A. D., Chow, J. M., & Gambetta, J. M.
- Affiliations
- IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2017-10-31
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 180501-180501
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2619719596
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 13.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (W911NF-16-0114)
- Army Research Office (W911NF-14-1-0124)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- fault-tolerant quantum computing, quantum state preparation, superconducting qubits, transmon qubits, five-qubit code, quantum error correction, quantum process tomography
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