State readout of a trapped ion qubit using a trap-integrated superconducting photon detector
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We report high-fidelity state readout of a trapped ion qubit using a trap-integrated photon detector. We determine the hyperfine qubit state of a single ^{9}Be^{+} ion held in a surface-electrode rf ion trap by counting state-dependent ion fluorescence photons with a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector fabricated into the trap structure. The average readout fidelity is 0.9991(1), with a mean readout duration of 46 μs, and is limited by the polarization impurity of the readout laser beam and by off-resonant optical pumping. Because there are no intervening optical elements between the ion and the detector, we can use the ion fluorescence as a self-calibrated photon source to determine the detector quantum efficiency and its dependence on photon incidence angle and polarization.
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While integrated high-efficiency single-photon detection has been demonstrated with superconducting detectors (SNSPDs), integration with standard CMOS is somewhat challenging due to the materials required, and many candidate superconductors have somewhat impractical transition temperatures below 4 K.
“While integrated, high-efficiency, single-photon detection has been demonstrated with superconducting detectors (SNSPDs), integration with standard CMOS is somewhat challenging due to the materials required, and many candidate superconductors have somewhat impractical transition temperatures, i.e. below 4 K [224].”
From 2022 Roadmap on integrated quantum photonics (2022) · cites this paper as [224]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredImpressive performance for single-ion readout has been achieved with integrated superconducting single-photon detectors, but implementing high-quality detectors in a platform capable of appropriate shielding to minimize unwanted coupling to ion qubits has not been addressed.
“While impressive performance for single-ion readout has been achieved with integrated superconducting single-photon detectors [224], implementing high-quality detectors in a platform capable of appropriate shielding to minimize unwanted coupling to the ion qubits has not been addressed.”
From 2022 Roadmap on integrated quantum photonics (2022) · cites this paper as [224]
Many other aspects of QCCD scaling still in development include coupling multiple surface trap die, control of a sufficient number of electrodes, laser-light generation and delivery, and detection.
“Many other aspects of QCCD scaling still in development include coupling multiple surface trap die [22,23], control of a sufficient number of electrodes, laser-light generation and delivery [24,25], and detection [26].”
From A Race-Track Trapped-Ion Quantum Processor (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [42]See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.010501 for additional details of the experimental apparatus, theoretical modeling, and data analysis, which includes Refs. [43–55].
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“While impressive performance for single-ion readout has been achieved with integrated superconducting single-photon detectors [224], implementing high-quality detectors in a platform capable of appropriate shielding to minimize unwanted coupling to the ion qubits has not been addressed.”
Background
- Authors
- Todaro, S. L., Verma, V. B., McCormick, K. C., Allcock, D. T. C., Mirin, R. P., Wineland, D. J., Nam, S. W., Wilson, A. C., Leibfried, D., & Slichter, D. H.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Slichter, D. H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2021-01-06
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 010501-010501
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- PMC
- PMC11641243
- OpenAlex
- W3046691471
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- trapped-ion qubits, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, beryllium ions, hyperfine qubits, readout fidelity, detector quantum efficiency, self-calibration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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