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Cited by 144Quantum Computing Algorithms and ArchitectureQuantum Information and CryptographyCold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates

Hardware-Efficient, Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation with Rydberg Atoms

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Cong, Iris, Levine, Harry, Keesling, Alexander, Bluvstein, Dolev, Wang, Sheng-Tao, Lukin, Mikhail D.·2022·Physical Review X
DOI 10.1103/physrevx.12.021049
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Abstract

Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum information processing.One important remaining roadblock for the large-scale application of these systems is the ability to perform error-corrected quantum operations.To entangle the qubits in these systems, atoms are typically excited to Rydberg states, which could decay or give rise to various correlated errors that cannot be addressed directly through traditional methods of fault-tolerant quantum computation.In this work, we provide the first complete characterization of these sources of error in a neutral-atom quantum computer and propose hardware-efficient, fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes that mitigate them.Notably, we develop a novel and distinctly efficient method to address the most important errors associated with the decay of atomic qubits to states outside of the computational subspace.These advances allow us to significantly reduce the resource cost for fault-tolerant quantum computation compared to existing, general-purpose schemes.Our protocols can be implemented in the near term using state-of-the-art neutral-atom platforms with qubits encoded in both alkali and alkaline-earth atoms.

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  • Mid-circuit readout is enabled by moving selected qubits about 100 μm away to a readout zone and illuminating with a focused imaging beam, resulting in high-fidelity imaging and negligible decoherence on stored qubits.

    “Mid-circuit readout is enabled by moving selected qubits about 100 μm away to a readout zone and illuminating with a focused imaging beam7,35, resulting in high-fidelity imaging, as well as negligible decoherence on stored qubits (Fig. 1c and Extended Data Fig. 3).”

    From Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays (2024) · cites this paper as [35]

    In “Measurements and feed-forward corrections” (page unavailable), the paper proposes moving selected ancilla atoms to a distant detection zone and detecting scattered photons. It estimates displacements greater than 50 μm and predicts negligible crosstalk on data qubits. It does not specify a focused imaging beam or establish high-fidelity imaging and negligible decoherence of stored qubits as observed results. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Finite lifetime of an atom in the Rydberg state can give rise to correlated errors that are difficult to address by standard error correction methods.

    “Another important challenge is the finite lifetime of an atom in the Rydberg state, which can give rise to different kinds of correlated errors that are difficult to address by standard error correction methods [40].”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [40]

  • Those errors have been addressed recently by a hardware-efficient, fault-tolerant error correction scheme, making use of the specific properties of Rydberg atoms.

    “Those have been addressed recently by a hardwareefficient, fault-tolerant error correction scheme, making use of the specific properties of Rydberg atoms [62].”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [62]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cong, I., Levine, H., Keesling, A., Bluvstein, D., Wang, S.-T., & Lukin, M. D.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • QuEra Computing (United States) (US)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review X
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2022-06-01
Volume
12
Issue
2
ISSN
2160-3308 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1103/physrevx.12.021049
OpenAlex
W3168728763
Cited by
144
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 2
FWCI
10.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physical Review X (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
Funders
  • Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • National Science Foundation (DGE1745303)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0021013)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Army Research Office
  • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
  • Hertz Foundation
  • Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans
  • Amazon Web Services
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
  • QuEra Computing
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Keywords
fault-tolerant quantum computing, Rydberg atoms, neutral atom quantum computing, error mitigation, correlated errors, alkali atoms, alkaline-earth atoms, qubit entanglement

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