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Cited by 86High Entropy Alloys StudiesPhysics of Superconductivity and MagnetismSuperconducting Materials and Applications

Isoelectronic substitutions and aluminium alloying in the Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor

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von Rohr, Fabian O., Cava, Robert J.·2018·Physical Review Materials
DOI 10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.034801
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Abstract

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of materials constructed from multiple principal elements statistically arranged on simple crystallographic lattices. Due to the large amount of disorder present, they are excellent model systems for investigating the properties of materials intermediate between crystalline and amorphous states. Here we report the effects of systematic isoelectronic replacements, using Mo-Y, Mo-Sc, and Cr-Sc mixtures, for the valence electron count 4 and 5 elements in the body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Zr-Hf-Ti high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor. We find that the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ strongly depends on the elemental makeup of the alloy, and not exclusively its electron count. The replacement of niobium or tantalum by an isoelectronic mixture lowers the transition temperature by more than 60%, while the isoelectronic replacement of hafnium, zirconium, or titanium has a limited impact on ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$. We further explore the alloying of aluminium into the nearly optimal electron count ${[\mathrm{TaNb}]}_{0.67}{(\mathrm{ZrHfTi})}_{0.33}$ HEA superconductor. The electron count dependence of the superconducting ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ for ${(\mathrm{HEA})\mathrm{Al}}_{x}$ is found to be more crystallinelike than for the ${[\mathrm{TaNb}]}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{(\mathrm{ZrHfTi})}_{x}$ HEA solid solution. For an aluminum content of $x=0.4$ the high-entropy stabilization of the simple BCC lattice breaks down. This material crystallizes in the tetragonal $\ensuremath{\beta}$-uranium structure type and superconductivity is not observed above 1.8 K.

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  • The superconductivity of (NbTa)0.67(TiZrHf)0.33 is replaced by electron mixtures such as [ScMo], [Y-Mo], and [Sc-Cr], and the Tc in (NbTa)0.67(TiZrHf)0.33 significantly decreases after Nb or Ta are replaced by isoelectronics, while the effects of Hf, Zr, and Ti substitution on Tc are limited.

    “The superconductivity of (NbTa)0.67 (TiZrHf)0.33 is replaced by electron mixtures such as [ScMo], [Y-Mo], and [Sc-Cr], and the T c in (NbTa)0.67 (TiZrHf)0.33 signi fi cantly decreases after Nb or Ta are replaced by isoelectronics, while the effects of Hf, Zr, and Ti substitution on T c are limited 71 .”

    From Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors (2024) · cites this paper as [71]

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  • Although the VEC of most BCC-type HEAs with a Tc > 7 K is approximately 4.67, the Mattias rule cannot describe the correlation between Tc and VEC for different BCC-type HEA systems, which possess different element compositions.

    “Although the VEC of most BCC-type HEAs with a T c > 7 K is approximately 4.67, the Mattias rule cannot describe the correlation between T c and VEC for different BCC-type HEA systems, which possess different element compositions.”

    From Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors (2024) · cites this paper as [71]

    The isoelectronic-substitutions section reports an optimal electron count near 4.7 and a Tc of about 7.6 K for the pristine BCC alloy; it also shows that changing elements at fixed electron count can substantially change Tc (p. 034801-3). This does not establish that most BCC HEAs with Tc above 7 K have a VEC near 4.67. The aluminum-alloying section says its Tc–electron-count trend *rather follows* the Matthias rule, so the claim that the rule cannot describe different BCC-type HEA systems is too categorical. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The Nb content in BCC-type HEAs is typically 25% or higher when the Tc is > 7 K.

    “The Nb content in BCC-type HEAs is typically 25% or higher when the T c is > 7 K 6,9,12,13,23,71 .”

    From Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors (2024) · cites this paper as [71]

    The isoelectronic-substitutions section (p. 3) reports a BCC alloy, [TaNb]₀.₆₇(HfZrTi)₀.₃₃, with Tc ≈ 7.6 K; its formula implies approximately 33.5% Nb. The paper also finds that replacing Nb lowers Tc, but it does not establish that BCC HEAs with Tc > 7 K typically contain at least 25% Nb. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The elemental composition seems to have a strong influence on the Tc for BCC-type HEA superconductors.

    “The elemental composition seems to have a strong in fl uence on the T c for BCC-type HEA superconductors.”

    From Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors (2024) · cites this paper as [71]

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Authors
von Rohr, F. O., & Cava, R. J.
Affiliations
Princeton University (US)
ORCID
Cava, Robert J.
Venue
Physical Review Materials
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2018-03-21
Volume
2
Issue
3
ISSN
2475-9953 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.034801
OpenAlex
W2744981021
Cited by
85
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
FWCI
4.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
  • Physical Review Materials (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-4412)
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PZ00P2_174015)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › High Entropy Alloys Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Superconducting Materials and Applications
Keywords
high-entropy alloys, superconductivity, isoelectronic substitution, aluminum alloying, superconducting transition temperature, valence electron count, body-centered cubic lattice, solid solutions, crystallization

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