High-entropy alloy superconductors: Status, opportunities, and challenges
Open accessAbstract
High entropy alloys (HEAs) have recently emerged as a new class of materials. Solids made from multiple transition metal elements, typically five or more, in equimolar or near equimolar ratios, they are stabilized by entropic contributions to the free energy. 3d-element-based HEAs have been widely studied in materials science. In addition to their promising mechanical properties, some HEAs have been reported to display superconductivity; these materials are largely based on 4d and 5d metals. In this update, we focus on the variations of HEA superconductors presently known and the progress made in studies of their properties, especially highlighting fundamental issues related to their superconducting transition temperatures. Some of the key factors that influence their characteristics include crystal structure, atomic makeup, valence electron count, molar volume and mixing entropy - all of these factors appearing to be influential in spite of the fact that the materials are most like metallic glasses on simple periodic lattices. Many opportunities and challenges remain for expanding our knowledge of HEA superconductors, finding new types of HEA superconductors, and their potential for applications.
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BCC-type HEA superconductors predominantly consist of transition metals such as Nb, Ta, Zr, V, Hf, and Ti, which exhibit VECs of either 4 or 5.
“The BCC-type HEA superconductors predominantly consist of transition metals such as Nb, Ta, Zr, V, Hf, and Ti, which exhibit VECs of either 4 or 5 7,8 .”
From Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The VEC of BCC-type HEA superconductors significantly influences both their superconducting Tc and material stability.
“Studies have revealed that the VEC of BCC-type HEA superconductors signi fi cantly in fl uences both their superconducting T c and material stability 7,23 .”
From Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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High Entropy Materials - Microstructures and Properties
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Additive manufacturing of superconductors: Opportunities and challenges
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- Authors
- Sun, L., & Cava, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Princeton University (US)
- ORCID
- Cava, R. J.
- Venue
- Physical Review Materials
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2019-09-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 2475-9953 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2961049415
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 11.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Materials (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2017YFA0302900, 2016YFA0300300, 2017YFA0303103)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (11427805, U1532267, 11604376)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB25000000)
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-4412)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › High Entropy Alloys Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Heusler alloys: electronic and magnetic properties
- Keywords
- high-entropy alloys, superconductivity, superconducting transition temperature, entropy of mixing, valence electron count, molar volume, crystal structure, amorphous alloys, superconductors
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