Perceived risk: Further considerations for the marketing discipline
Abstract
Examines the construct of perceived risk, as used in consumer and marketing research. In the light of the shortcomings of past research, develops and tests three hypotheses. Findings show that the risk dimensions proposed in the literature (i.e. financial, psychological, social, performance, physical and time‐related risk) capture a very high fraction of perceived overall risk, and that a parsimonious structure of the risk concept exists as the other risk dimensions are mediated through individual psychological risk. Implications are highlighted.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Perceived risk is a subjective expectation of losses and is a form of expectation.
“Perceived risk is seen as a subjective expectation of the losses; it is also a form of expectation [97].”
From Investigating the Impact of Critical Factors on Continuance Intention towards Cross-Border Shopping Websites (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of perceived risk in the quality-value relationship: A study in a retail environment
Sweeney, J. C., Soutar, G. N., & Johnson, L. W. (1999) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/s0022-4359(99)80005-0 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
Consumer perceived risk: conceptualisations and models
Mitchell, V. (1999) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090569910249229 · Cited by 1,582 · see citing works
Chen, Y., & Chang, C. (2012) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/00251741211216250 · Cited by 1,370 · see citing works
“Because perceived risk is a combination of negative consequence and uncertainty, the assessment of perceived risk would affect customer purchase decision (Peter and Ryan, 1976; Stone and Gronhaug, 1993; Aaker, 1996).”
BackgroundA descriptive model of the consumer co-production process
Etgar, M. (2007) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-007-0061-1 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
“Perceived risks include physical, financial, psychological, performance, social, and time-related risks (Stone and Gronhaug 1993).”
BackgroundKleijnen, M., de Ruyter, K., & Wetzels, M. (2007) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2006.10.004 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example
Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2009) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Chew, Y. T., & Jahari, S. A. (2013) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2013.07.008 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Wu, P. C. S., Yeh, G. Y.-Y., & Hsiao, C.-R. (2010) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2010.11.001 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
“This study uses the three main risk dimensions (financial risk, functional risk, and physiological risk) and the scale developed by Stone and Gronhaug (1993) for measurement.”
BackgroundMethodPredicting young consumers' take up of mobile banking services
Koenig‐Lewis, N., Palmer, A. J., & Moll, A. (2010) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/02652321011064917 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
“It is a multidimensional concept and six types of perceived risk have been identified in the literature, i.e. performance, financial, physical, social, psychological, and time risk (Greatorex and Mitchell, 1994; Stone and GrØnhaug, 1993).”
User acceptance of wearable devices: An extended perspective of perceived value
Yang, H., Yu, J., Zo, H., & Choi, M. (2015) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.007 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Consumer resistance to innovation—a behavioral reasoning perspective
Claudy, M., Garcia, R., & O’Driscoll, A. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0399-0 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Ansari, A., Mela, C. F., & Neslin, S. A. (2008) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.45.1.60 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
A motivational process model of product involvement and consumer risk perception
Dholakia, U. M. (2001) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/eum0000000006479 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Customer Empowerment in New Product Development*
Fuchs, C., & Schreier, M. (2010) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00778.x · Cited by 587 · see citing works
“…level of engineering (alphas for all three product categories (cid:2) .78) and perceived risk (overall perceived risk is operationalized as an index formed by three major components of risk, namely, financial, functional, and physical risk; cf Jacoby and Kaplan, 1972; Stone and Gronhaug, 1993).”
BackgroundHung, S.-Y., Chang, C.-M., & Yu, T.-J. (2006) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2005.11.005 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Influence of consumers’ perceived risk on consumers’ online purchase intention
Ariffin, S. K., Mohan, T., & Goh, Y.-N. (2018) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-11-2017-0100 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Mobile banking adoption of the youth market
Akturan, U., & Tezcan, N. (2012) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634501211231928 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Health monitoring through wearable technologies for older adults: Smart wearables acceptance model.
Li, J., Ma, Q., Chan, A. H. S., & Man, S.-S. (2019) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2018.10.006 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Consumer innovativeness and perceived risk: implications for high technology product adoption
Hirunyawipada, T., & Paswan, A. K. (2006) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/07363760610674310 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
“Perceived risk (financial, performance, physical, time, psychological, and social risks) were measured through Stone and Gronhaug's (1993)”
MethodLittler, D., & Melanthiou, D. (2006) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2006.02.006 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Yang, Q., Pang, C., Liu, L., Yen, D. C., & Michael Tarn, J. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.058 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Laroche, M., Yang, Z., McDougall, G. H. G., & Bergeron, J. (2005) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2004.11.002 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
“Five different types of perceived risk, originally developed byStone and Gronhaug (1993) , were used in this investigation: financial, time, performance, social, and psychological risks.”
The mediating role of consumer trust in an online merchant in predicting purchase intention
Hong, I. B., & Cha, H. S. (2013) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.08.007 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Consumer evaluations of store brands: effects of store image and product attributes
Semeijn, J., van Riel, A. C. R., & Ambrosini, A. B. (2003) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/s0969-6989(03)00051-1 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Mass Customization: Reflections on the State of the Concept
Piller, F. T. (2004) · International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1007/s10696-005-5170-x · Cited by 382 · see citing works
“Cognitive costs result from the perceived risk of being involved in co-creation, which can be understood as the expectations of customers to realize a loss (Baker, Parasuraman, Grewal, and Voss, 2002; Stone and Gronhaug, 1993).”
BackgroundExploring How Intangibility Affects Perceived Risk
NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, & Yang, Z. (2004) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Chen, Y., & Chang, C. (2013) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/00251741311291319 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., & Guinalíu, M. (2011) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.11.001 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Be a “Superhost”: The importance of badge systems for peer-to-peer rental accommodations
Liang, S., Schuckert, M., Law, R., & Chen, C.-C. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.007 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
User acceptance of smart home services: An extension of the theory of planned behavior
Yang, H., Lee, H., & Zo, H. (2017) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-01-2016-0017 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Online Shopping Characteristics and Well-Designed Websites on Satisfaction1
Luo, J., ba, B., & Zhang, H. (2012) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/41703501 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
“Research has confirmed that risks faced by consumers may vary according to product class (Stem et al. 1977; Stone and Gronhaug 1993), and product category risk is one of the two predominant types of risks associated with Internet shopping (Bhatnagar et al.”
BackgroundWang, Y., Gu, J., Wang, S., & Wang, J. (2019) · Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.044 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Zhu, H., & Deng, F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103514 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
“Stone and Gr O Nhaug [31] conducted a study to verify the existence of six risk dimensions based on Kaplan and Jacoby’s [32] research, including financial risk and functional risk, which received recognition in the subsequent period.”
BackgroundJournal of Management and Marketing Research
Baker, P. D. R. (2014) · ADVANCED SCIENCES INDEX · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Marketing mix, customer value, and customer loyalty in social commerce
Wu, Y., & Li, E. Y. (2017) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-08-2016-0250 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Nepomuceno, M. V., Laroche, M., & Richard, M. (2013) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.11.006 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
COVID-19 and e-wallet usage intention: A multigroup analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia
Aji, H. M., Berakon, I., & Husin, M. M. (2020) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2020.1804181 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
“It is a sense of loss (Bauer, 1960), involving potentially positive or negative outcomes, but in consumer behavior literature, it is more focused on the negative outcomes (Stone & Gronhaug, 1993; Tanadi et al., 2015).”
BackgroundArfi, W. B., Nasr, I. B., Kondrateva, G., & Hikkerova, L. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120688 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Yoganathan, V., Osburg, V., Kunz, W. H., & Toporowski, W. (2021) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104309 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Explaining physicians’ acceptance of EHCR systems: An extension of TAM with trust and risk factors
Ortega Egea, J. M., & Román González, M. V. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.010 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Heterogeneity in risk and safety perceptions of international tourists
Seabra, C., Dolničar, S., Abrantes, J. L., & Kastenholz, E. (2012) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.008 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Hubert, M., Blut, M., Brock, C., Backhaus, C., & Eberhardt, T. (2017) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20982 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The influence of perceived risk on Internet shopping behavior: a multidimensional perspective
Crespo, A., del Bosque, I. R., & Salmones, M. D. M. G. D. L. (2009) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669870802497744 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
“…(1967), Jacoby and Kaplan (1972), Peter and Ryan (1976), Ingene and Hughes (1985) (1971), Peter and Ryan (1976), Ingene and Hughes (1985), Stone and Gronhaug (1993) Privacy risk Potential loss of control over personal information, Such as when information about you is used without your…”
BackgroundMethodHong, I. B. (2015) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.01.003 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Kim, J. J., Kim, I., & Hwang, J. (2020) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102758 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Travel Decision-Making: From the Vantage Point of Perceived Risk and Information Preferences
Maser, B., & Weiermair, K. (1998) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1300/j073v07n04_06 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Perceived risk and trust associated with purchasing at electronic marketplaces
Verhagen, T., Meents, S., & Tan, Y.-H. (2006) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000644 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
“According to the TRA, the attitude towards behaviour is a direct determinant of the behavioural intention to perform the behaviour.”
BackgroundMarriott, H. R., & Williams, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.01.017 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
“…and Kaplan (1972), it is this second most significant in this study and supports findings from many previous works (e.g. Akturan and Tezcan, 2012; Bezes, 2016; Featherman and Pavlou, 2003; Hong, 2015; Hong and Cha, 2013; Stone and Grønhaug, 1993; Suki and Suki, 2017; Thakur and Srivastava, 2015).”
ResultApplying to higher education: information sources and choice factors
Simões, C., & Soares, A. M. (2010) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075070903096490 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
“The following types of risk can be identified: financial (the risk that the product/service purchased will not be worth its cost), performance/functional (the risk that the product/service will not perform as expected), physical (the risk that the product/service will cause a health hazard to the consumer or others),…”
BackgroundThe effect of knowledge types on consumer‐perceived risk and adoption of genetically modified foods
Klerck, D., & Sweeney, J. (2007) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20157 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The Penguin's Window: Corporate Brands From an Open-Source Perspective
PITT, L. F. (2006) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070305284972 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
“For example, Wikipedia is a project in which thousands of people share their creative work to build a free online encyclopedia.”
BackgroundEffect of general risk on trust, satisfaction, and recommendation intention for halal food
Al‐Ansi, A., Olya, H., & Han, H. (2018) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.017 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Joachim, V., Spieth, P., & Heidenreich, S. (2017) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.12.011 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Perceived risk and the consumer buying process: internet airline reservations
Cunningham, L. F., Gerlach, J. H., Harper, M. D., & Young, C. E. (2005) · International Journal of Service Industry Management · doi:10.1108/09564230510614004 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“Earlier studies (Stone and Grønhaug, 1993; Forsythe and Shi, 2003) found that financial risk is the predominant factor for explaining the overall risk associated with a risky Figure 1.”
BackgroundAntecedents of the difference in perceived risk between store brands and national brands
Mieres, C. G., Martín, A. M. D., & Gutiérrez, J. A. T. (2006) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560610637310 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“The measurement instrument was derived from the review of specific literature on this subject, with the studies done by Stone and Gronhaug (1993)”
MethodKim, I., Jung, H. J., & Lee, Y. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13031208 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“In other words, functional risk refers to the possibility that the purchased product will not work well, the service will not be performed properly, or the desired function will fail [42,51,52].”
BackgroundCross-Cultural Differences in Perceived Risk of Online Shopping
Ko, H., Jung, J., Kim, J., & Shim, S. W. (2004) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2004.10722084 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Casidy, R., & Wymer, W. (2016) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.06.014 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Risk perception and consumer willingness to pay for certified beef in Spain
Angulo, A., & Roig, J. M. G. (2007) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2007.05.008 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Modelling consumer responses to an apparel store brand: Store image as a risk reducer
Liljander, V., Polsa, P., & van Riel, A. C. R. (2009) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2009.02.005 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
“Bauer's (1960) seminal article on the concept of consumer perceived risk set off a surge of research that peaked in the 1970's (Stone and Grønhaug, 1993).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLiao, C., Lin, H.-N., & Liu, Y. (2009) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0081-5 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
How intangibility affects perceived risk: the moderating role of knowledge and involvement
Laroche, M., Bergeron, J., & Goutaland, C. (2003) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876040310467907 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The role of mixed emotions in consumer behaviour
Penz, E., & Hogg, M. K. (2011) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090561111095612 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“the purchase/shopping situation, we used Tai and Fung’s (1997) measure of information rate.”
MethodWhat Predicts Patients’ Adoption Intention Toward mHealth Services in China: Empirical Study
Deng, Z., Hong, Z., Ren, C., Zhang, W., & Xiang, F. (2018) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.9316 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“Stone and Grønhaug added the time risk into the previous research and proved that the 6 types can interpret the perceived risk at a rate of 88.8% [32].”
BackgroundInfluentialMoriuchi, E. (2020) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21407 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
A Model of Green Consumption Behavior Constructed by the Theory of Planned Behavior
Wu, S.-I., & Chen, J.-Y. (2014) · International Journal of Marketing Studies · doi:10.5539/ijms.v6n5p119 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
“Stone and Gronhaug (1993) described perceived risk as the possible loss incurred by the consumer while in pursuit of the most satisfactory outcome.”
BackgroundMugge, R., Jockin, B. G. W., & Bocken, N. M. P. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.111 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Claudy, M., Michelsen, C., & O’Driscoll, A. (2011) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.018 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“Various studies distinguish between three main types of risk – economic, functional and social risk – that consumers have associated with innovations (e.g. Dholakia, 2001; Kleijnen et al., 2009; Peter and Tarpey, 1975; Stone and Grønhaug, 1993).”
BackgroundFlow and Internet shopping behavior
Smith, D., & Sivakumar, K. (2002) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00330-2 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Perceived benefits, perceived risk, and trust
Liu, M. T., Brock, J. L., Shi, G. J., Chu, R., & Tseng, T. (2013) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/13555851311314031 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Arfi, W. B., Nasr, I. B., Khvatova, T., & Zaied, Y. B. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120437 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Can the building of trust overcome consumer perceived risk online?
Harridge‐March, S. (2006) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634500610711897 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“The perception of riskiness may vary from person to person and from product to product, or service to service ( Stone and Gronhaug, 1993”
BackgroundJohnson, M. S., Sivadas, E., & Garbarino, E. (2008) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876040810889120 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-Service Technologies and e-Services Risks in Social Commerce Era
Featherman, M. S., & Hajli, N. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2614-4 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“Further an overall risk assessment is theorized (Dowling and Staelin 1994; Stone and Grønhaug 1993).”
BackgroundWhat will be the possible barriers to consumers’ adoption of smart home services?
Hong, A., Nam, C., & Kim, S. (2019) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101867 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Travelers’ intention to adopt virtual reality: A consumer value perspective
Vishwakarma, P., Mukherjee, S., & Datta, B. (2020) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100456 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Consumer adoption of technological innovations
Antioco, M., & Kleijnen, M. H. P. (2010) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090561011079846 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Several risk dimensions have been introduced ( Stone and Gronhaug, 1993”
BackgroundForoudi, P., Tabaghdehi, S. A. H., & Marvi, R. (2020) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102717 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“In this research stream, the risk is seen as a measure of probability by indicating the ratio of occurrence to the total possible outcome (Stone and Grønhaug, 1993), while uncertainty specifies the circumstances in which the outcome could be anything where there is not any hint of it.”
BackgroundExtrinsic cues and perceived risk: the influence of consumption situation
Aqueveque, C. (2006) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/07363760610681646 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
An empirical study of product differences in consumers’ E-commerce adoption behavior
Liu, X., & Wei, K. (2003) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/s1567-4223(03)00027-9 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Alimamy, S., & Gnoth, J. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107105 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Kim, M. J., & Lennon, S. J. (2000) · Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.1177/1077727x00283002 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Four items (see Table 6) from Taylor and Baker (1994) and Sewall (1981) were used to measure intent to purchase from television, and some were modified to indicate a certain time frame (i.”
MethodHa, H. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2002.tb00160.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Wu, W., Zhang, B., Li, S., & Liu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.870777 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Based on the theory of perceived risk, Stone and Grønhaug (1993) increased the dimension of time risk through an experimental exploration.”
BackgroundSustainable consumption and third-party certification labels: Consumers’ perceptions and reactions
Brach, S., Walsh, G., & Shaw, D. (2017) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2017.03.005 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Alrawad, M., Lutfi, A., Alyatama, S., Khattab, A. A. A., Alsoboa, S. S., Almaiah, M. A., Ramadan, M. H., Arafa, H. M., Ahmed, N. A., Alsyouf, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103188 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Factors influencing organic food purchase in India – expert survey insights
Chakrabarti, S. (2010) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/00070701011067497 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Τζαβλόπουλος, Ι., Gotzamani, K. D., Andronikidis, A. I., & Vassiliadis, C. Α. (2019) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-03-2019-0047 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
A study of factors enhancing smart grid consumer engagement
Park, C., Kim, H.-J., & Kim, Y. S. (2014) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.017 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Task-technology fit and user acceptance of online auction
Chang, H. H. (2009) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.09.010 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Abdul‐Rahim, R., Bohari, S. A., Aman, A. B., & Awang, Z. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14148357 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“Considering the increasing cyber security incidents when FinTech adoption is accelerating, this study redirects the focus to the perceived risks, which refer to the subjective expectation of a possible loss [44].”
BackgroundForecasting consumer perception of innovativeness
Lowe, B., & Alpert, F. H. (2015) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2015.02.001 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
How perceived risk affects online buying
Gutiérrez, S. S. M., & Izquierdo, C. C. (2009) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/14684520910985657 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Finally, risk perception was measured following the scales proposed by Stone and Gronhaug (1993)”
MethodA re-examination of service standardization versus customization from the consumer’s perspective
Ding, Y., & Keh, H. T. (2016) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-02-2015-0088 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“Consistent with prior research, we define perceived risk as the subjective expectation of a loss (Stone and Gronhaug, 1993).”
MethodManaging green brand equity: the perspective of perceived risk theory
Chang, C., & Chen, Y.-S. (2013) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9872-y · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The youth market for internet banking services: perceptions, attitude and behaviour
Chau, V. S., & Ngai, L. W. L. C. (2010) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876041011017880 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Perceived risk The concept of perceived risk was first introduced to explain such phenomena as information seeking, brand loyalty, opinion leaders, reference groups and pre-purchase deliberations (Bauer, 1964), asserting that consumer behaviour involves a risk that any action of a consumer may lead to unpleasant conse…”
BackgroundSun, J. (2013) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.11.008 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Yu, J., Lee, K., & Hyun, S. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.010 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Perić, G., Dramićanin, S., & Conić, M. (2021) · European Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.54055/ejtr.v27i.2125 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“The pandemic has led to global social and economic disturbances in the world (Sumner et al., 2020).”
BackgroundRubio, N., Barbolla, J. O., & Villaseñor, N. (2013) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.09.006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stone, R. N., & Grønhaug, K.
- Venue
- European Journal of Marketing
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 1993-04-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 39-50
- ISSN
- 0309-0566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062541363
- Cited by
- 1,348
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 4.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- risk perception, risk dimensions, psychological risk, financial risk, social risk, performance risk, physical risk, risk structure, consumer behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
