Italian consumers’ income and food waste behavior
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the relationships between consumers’ income and household food waste behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: – Attitude toward food waste is a paradigmatic (economic) non-standard decision making. Based on behavioral economics concepts and empirical evidences, the study analyzes the frequency of household food waste and its main drivers with a focus on individual income. Through a panel of 1,403 Italian consumers, food waste behavior and its determinants are modeled for five food typologies using proportional odds models that adopt stepwise procedures and genetic algorithms. Findings: – Results suggest the existence of complex relationships between per capita income and household food waste behavior. When considering food typologies that include high value added products, this relation can be explained by an inverse U-shaped curve: mid-to-low income consumers purchase higher amounts of lower quality products and waste more food. Research limitations/implications: – The research highlights the importance of understanding the main socio-economic and behavioral determinants of household food waste, and the need for further researches. Practical implications: – The research motivates specific pricing, commercial and policy strategies as well as organizational technological, and educational solutions to prevent/reduce household food waste. Social implications: – Lower income class consumers show a greater attitude to waste certain food typologies. In turn, this implies that food waste can further worse economic inequality and relative poverty. Originality/value: – The study identifies different patterns of relationship among individual income and consumers’ food waste behavior, and describes the conditions that limit a household “Food Waste Kuznets Curve.”
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Setti et al. (2016) show a high degree of ethical concern related to food waste (86%).
“Similarly, Setti et al. (2016) show a high degree of ethical concern related to food waste (86%).”
From Food waste matters - A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications (2018) · cites this paper as Setti et al., 2016
The indexed copy contains an IRIS repository entry and a link to a PDF, but no accessible passage from the paper’s findings. Searches for ethical concern and 86% found no relevant passage, so the attributed percentage cannot be checked against our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHouseholds that spend more money on groceries per person tend to produce more food waste per person.
“In turn, households that spend more money on groceries per person tend to produce more food waste per person (Parizeau et al., 2015;Setti et al., 2016).”
From Food waste matters - A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications (2018) · cites this paper as Setti et al., 2016
The supplied passages are repository metadata and an unrelated ASN notice, not findings about grocery spending or food waste. Searches for per-person grocery expenditure and food waste found no usable passage establishing the claimed relationship in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConsumers who buy local products on a regular basis tend to significantly limit (up to 90%) the frequency of wasting vegetables.
“Setti et al. (2016) reveal that consumers who buy local products on a regular basis tend to significantly limit (up to 90%) the frequency of wasting vegetables.”
From Food waste matters - A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications (2018) · cites this paper as Setti et al., 2016
The supplied passages are from an IRIS repository listing, not the paper’s results. Searches for regular local-product purchases, vegetable waste, and the 90% figure returned no relevant passage from our copy, so the attributed finding cannot be verified. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHouseholds with different income levels differ with regards to which type of food is wasted.
“as well as with regards to which type of food is wasted (Setti et al., 2016).”
From Food waste matters - A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications (2018) · cites this paper as Setti et al., 2016
The passages provided are a repository page, and searches for food types, income, and household waste found no Results or Discussion passage from the paper. The available abstract is not admissible evidence under the stated rubric, so our copy cannot verify whether households at different income levels waste different types of food. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“Italian consumers who perceived difficulty in financial wealth wasted more fresh vegetables and dairy products than people who felt less economic burden (Setti et al., 2016).”
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Investigating the Determinants of Greek Households Food Waste Prevention Behaviour
Kritikou, T., Panagiotakos, D., Abeliotis, K., & Lasaridi, K. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132011451 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mureșan, I. C., Harun, R., Andreica, I., Chiciudean, G. O., Kovács, E., Oroian, C. F., Brata, A. M., & Dumitraş, D. E. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12030746 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cultural Influences on Fruit and Vegetable Food-Wasting Behavior in the European Union
Pelău, C., Sârbu, R., & Șerban, D. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12229685 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. T. T., Malek, L., Umberger, W. J., & O’Connor, P. (2023) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2023.11.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Adaryani, R. L., Palouj, M., Gholami, H., Baghestany, A. A., Damirchi, M. J., Dadar, M., & Seifollahi, N. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104119 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tsalis, G., Jensen, B. B., & Aschemann‐Witzel, J. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.032 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lebanese meal management practices and cultural constructions of food waste
Chammas, G., & Yehya, N. A. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104803 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Food waste concerns, eating behaviour and body weight
Sheen, F., Hardman, C. A., & Robinson, E. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104692 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Oláh, J., Kasza, G., Szabó-Bódi, B., Szakos, D., Popp, J., & Lakner, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.916601 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In addition, an interesting result in this field is that an Italian survey from 2016 examined this topic in depth and presented that mid-to-low income consumers waste more food than people with higher income in the case of products with lower price and quality (Setti et al., 2016).”
BackgroundVita, G. A. D., Strano, A., Maesano, G., Via, G. L., & D’Amico, M. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9101428 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Bogevska, Z., Berjan, S., Bilali, H. E., Allahyari, M. S., Radosavac, A., & Davitkovska, M. (2021) · Socio-Economic Planning Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.seps.2021.101150 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Stockpiling and food worries: Changing habits and choices in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic
Amuakwa‐Mensah, F., Amuakwa-Mensah, S., Klege, R. A., & Adom, P. K. (2021) · Socio-Economic Planning Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.seps.2021.101181 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The decision to waste food is grounded on contextual and demographic factors [46,47].”
BackgroundAnanda, J., Karunasena, G. G., & Pearson, D. H. (2023) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122698 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Bilska, B., Tomaszewska, M., & Kołożyn‐Krajewska, D. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.030 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Predicting food waste in households with children: socio-economic and food-related behavior factors
Tonini, P., Muñoz, P., & Gabarrell, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1249310 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Household food waste management: socio-ecological dimensions
Aitsidou, V., Michailidis, A., Partalidou, M., & Iakovidou, O. (2019) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-02-2019-0111 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Association between diet quality and food waste in Canadian families: a cross-sectional study
Carroll, N., Wallace, A., Jewell, K., Darlington, G., David, W. L., Duncan, A. M., Parizeau, K., von Massow, M., & Haines, J. (2020) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00571-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Household income was measured and used as a covariate in the analysis as it has been observed to be associated with household food waste [13], as well as diet quality [14].”
MethodCan household storage conditions reduce food waste and environmental impact? A broccoli case study
Rasines, L., Castillejo, N., Miguel, G. S., & Aguayo, E. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164779 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Giménez, A., Ares, G., Chheang, S. L., & Jaeger, S. R. (2023) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104982 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kristia, K., Kovács, S., & Erdey, L. (2023) · Cleaner and Responsible Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100152 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Banerjee, T., Nayak, A., & Zhao, H. (2021) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01473-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Kim and Lee (2020) showed that risk-averse consumers will prefer more private dining; more than half of all restaurants will not survive as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (Severson and Yaffe-Bellany 2020).”
BackgroundWhy do we waste so much food? Understanding household food waste through a theoretical framework
Deliberador, L. R., Batalha, M. O., César, A. D. S., Azeem, M. M., Lane, J. L., & Carrijo, P. R. S. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137974 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Food waste prevention and reduction: Practices, cultural and personal determinants
Elimelech, E., Segal-Klein, H., Mintz, K. K., Katz‐Gerro, T., & Ayalon, O. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107565 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Vardopoulos, I., Abeliotis, K., & Lasaridi, K. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17010103 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vizzoto, F., Tessitore, S., Testa, F., & Iraldo, F. (2021) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105771 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Thou shalt not waste: Unpacking consumption of local food
O’Neill, C., Hashem, S., Moran, C., & McCarthy, M. B. (2021) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.016 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Faith and Sustainability: Exploring Religiosity’s Impact on Intentions to Reduce Food Waste
Baran, T., Lupu, C., & Privitera, D. S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16114852 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Stay at Home”: The Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Household Food Waste in Colombia
Mejía, D., Díaz, M. F., Charry, A., Enciso, K., Ramírez, Ó., & Burkart, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764715 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“• Educational level: There is a positive relationship between education and good practices regarding food waste, monthly household income and income reductions due to the COVID19 pandemic, as households with higher incomes may recognize the importance of not wasting food and have the means not to do so (e.g., Koivupur…”
BackgroundShen, G., Ru, X., Wang, K., Li, Z., Yu, M., Chen, L., Han, J., & Guo, Y. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119840 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sarıca, D., Demircan, V., Erturk, A., & Arslantaş, N. (2020) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-08-2020-0687 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Eat or Throw Away? Factors Differentiating High Food Wasters from Low Food Wasters
Eičaitė, O., Alenčikienė, G., Pauliukaitytė, I., & Šalaševičienė, A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su131910741 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Breaking bread: Assessment of household bread waste incidence and behavioural drivers
Ananda, J., Pearson, D. H., & Oakden, S. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143377 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zanchini, R., Vita, G. A. D., Spina, D., Luca, A. I. D., & D’Amico, M. (2022) · NJAS Impact in Agricultural and Life Sciences · doi:10.1080/27685241.2022.2108733 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Starting from an original set of variables, represented by those in Table 2, the stepwise selection removes regressors generating the lowest inflation in the residual sum of squares (Derksen & Keselman, 1992) and leaving only significant variables (Setti et al., 2016).”
MethodWastogram: Validation of a new tool to measure household food waste
Cropley, M., Sprajcer, M., & Dawson, D. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101896 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Identifying determinants of household food waste behavior in urban India
Bhatia, A., & Sharma, S. (2023) · Cleaner Waste Systems · doi:10.1016/j.clwas.2023.100105 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Household Food Waste and the Opportunity Cost of Time
Paroissien, E., Beatty, T. K. M., & Nebout, A. (2022) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108012 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Got waste: knowledge, behavior and self-assessment on food waste of university students in Germany
Gabriel, A., Rombach, M., Wieser, H., & Bitsch, V. (2021) · The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review · doi:10.22434/ifamr2020.0145 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Food-Circular Economy-Women Nexus: Lessons from Guelph-Wellington
Coghlan, C., Proulx, P., & Salazar, K. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14010192 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Genc, T. O., & Ekici, A. (2022) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.07.010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Food systems sustainability: The complex challenge of food loss and waste
Vittuari, M., Menna, F. D., García-Herrero, L., Pagani, M., Brenes-Peralta, L., & Segrè, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813411-5.00017-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationGiordano, C., Graziano, P., Lazzarini, M., Piras, S., & Spaghi, S. (2021) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103473 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mazzanti, M., Mazzarano, M., & Zecca, E. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131266 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Asyari, A., Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Widianita, R., Alam, M. K., & Mamun, A. A. (2024) · International Journal of Ethics and Systems · doi:10.1108/ijoes-10-2023-0231 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Buy Three to Waste One? How Real-World Purchase Data Predict Groups of Food Wasters
Merian, S., Stöckli, S., Fuchs, K., & Natter, M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141610183 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Setti, M., Falasconi, L., Segrè, A., Cusano, I., & Vittuari, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Venue
- British Food Journal
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2016-07-04
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1731-1746
- ISSN
- 0007-070X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2474325137
- Semantic Scholar
- ab5db3c3d4d9315af63d9dcd97129e7a6cd14d07
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 16.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- British Food Journal (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- household food waste, consumer income, food waste behavior, Kuznets curve, socio-economic determinants, food quality, food waste reduction, relative poverty
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