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Cited by 109Technology Adoption and User BehaviourHealth, Technology, Consumer BehaviorFinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance

E-banking in Colombia: factors favouring its acceptance, online trust and government support

Open access
Sánchez-Torres, Javier A., Canada, Francisco-Javier Arroyo, Sandoval, Alexander Varon, Alzate, James-Ariel Sánchez·2018·International Journal of Bank Marketing
DOI 10.1108/ijbm-10-2016-0145
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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the adoption of e-banking in Colombia, including a comprehensive analysis of consumer trust in this type of transaction and of the impact of the current government policy to promote e-commerce. Design/methodology/approach An empirical investigation based on the UTAUT2 model collected data from throughout the country to develop 600 online questionnaires. Findings The proposed model was validated in that the factors hypothesised to build trust in the use of electronic banking were shown to be significant: trust, performance expectancy and effort expectancy had a positive impact on the use of financial websites in Colombia, while government support did not have a significant impact. Research limitations/implications The study explains the antecedents to trust, as well as the government support variable, and concludes by producing a model that is highly successful in predicting financial customers’ online behaviour. Practical implications The results can help Colombia’s Government and private banks to further develop trust and other conditions necessary for e-banking. Social implications Studies on the adoption of electronic banking provide users of these services solutions for their needs. Government policies to support the development of e-banking are not viewed favourably by Colombians. Originality/value This study is one of the first to present empirical findings on the acceptance of e-banking in Latin America; it further presents a model that integrates the most important variables needed for an analysis of the acceptance of e-banking.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This study applies UTAUT2 to e-banking acceptance in Colombia using 600 valid online surveys. It finds performance expectancy and trust drive intention and use, while government support and effort expectancy are not significant predictors.

Key findings

  • Performance expectancy had a strong positive effect on intention to use e-banking (β=0.679), whereas effort expectancy did not (β=-0.182) and government support was not significant (β=0.019).
  • Trust positively influenced both intention (β=0.301) and actual use (β=0.181); intention positively influenced use (β=0.326). Among trust antecedents, information quality (β=0.506) and perceived security (β=0.408) were significant, while perceived privacy was reported as β=0.054; the text calls this significant, but Table 5 labels H7 rejected (p=0.069).
  • The model explained variance for intention (R²=0.774), trust (R²=0.853), and use (R²=0.215).

Methods

  • Empirical UTAUT2-based study using an online questionnaire distributed nationally in Colombia, with data collected from November 2015 to May 2016; 734 questionnaires were returned, 134 were excluded, leaving 600 valid responses.
  • Stratified sampling with geographic quotas across five zones; zones 1–3 were intended to provide 80% of the sample but ultimately accounted for more than 90%. The sample was 54% men and 46% women, 70% aged 18–34, 88% university educated, and 79% earning above the national average.
  • Constructs used at least three indicators each and 7-point Likert scales; the instrument was pretested with 30 teachers. Analysis used PLS regression in SmartPLS 3.0, with a two-stage measurement and structural model assessment and bootstrapping based on 1,000 subsamples.

Limitations

  • The authors state the model may omit other variables that could better describe e-banking acceptance, and that the unexpected government support result leaves uncertainty about its direct or indirect influence; they call for further studies in similar countries.
  • The authors note that sampling targets for zones 4 and 5 were not met, with over 90% of the sample concentrated in zones 1–3.
  • Evident from the text: the sample skews toward younger, highly educated, higher-income respondents, limiting generalizability; the inconsistent reporting of the perceived privacy hypothesis also weakens confidence in that finding.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1108/ijbm-10-2016-0145

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

1 of 45 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation
    § Government support

    Empirical research about the relation of government support to e-banking acceptance is limited to a few studies of Asian countries.

    “Empirical research about the relation of government support to e-banking acceptance is limited to a few studies of Asian countries (Chong et al., 2010;Tan & Teo, 2000).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chong et al., 2010 source
    • cites Tan & Teo, 2000 source

      The Research Design and Findings and Analysis sections establish that this is an empirical study of internet banking adoption in Singapore and that it examined government support. The Internet Banking in Singapore section says few earlier studies addressed consumer acceptance, but our copy does not establish that research specifically on government support was limited to a few studies of Asian countries. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data
    § 4.2. Validation of the structural model

    Effort expectancy has no significant impact on the intention to use e-banking in Colombia (H1: B=-0.182, not significant).

    “Hypothesis 1 (H1: B=-0.182) was not significant, as users do not perceive effort expectancy with regard to the use of e-banking.”
    • Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
      “First, the effort expectancy variable was found to have no significant impact on the intention to use e-banking in Colombia.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data
    § 4.2. Validation of the structural model

    Perceived security of financial websites positively affects perceptions of the bank's trustworthiness (H8: B=0.408, significant).

    “Hypothesis 8 (H8: B=0.408) was significant, indicating that the perceived security of financial websites positively affects perceptions of the bank's trustworthiness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data
    § 4.2. Validation of the structural model

    Government support does not have a significant impact on the intention to use e-banking in Colombia (H3: B=0.019, not significant).

    “Hypothesis 3 (H3: B=0.019) was not significant”
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
      “government support did not have a significant impact”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data
    § 4.2. Validation of the structural model

    Perceived quality of information positively affects the perception of trust (H6: B=0.506, significant).

    “Hypothesis 6 (H6: B=0.506) was significant, finding that the perceived quality of information positively affects the perception of trust.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 8
  • May combine two claims. 18
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 28

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § 4.2. Validation of the structural model

    Performance expectancy has a significant positive impact on the intention to use e-banking in Colombia (H2: B=0.679).

    “Hypothesis 2 (H2: B=0.679) was significant, showing that performance expectancy is highly influential in users' intention to use e-banking.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Performance expectancy has a positive effect on intention to use e-banking (H2 accepted, B=0.679**).

    “H2: B = 0.679**”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data
    § Discussion

    The study validates the strong influence of perceived trustworthiness on both the intention to use and the actual use of e-banking.

    “With regard to perceived trustworthiness, the study validates the strong influence of this factor on both the intention to use and the actual use of e-banking”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation
    § Discussion

    Users place high importance on a number of security features and these bolster users' confidence in banking websites.

    “demonstrating that users place high importance on a number of security features and that these bolster users' confidence in banking websites (Chong et al., 2010;Yousafzai et al., 2003).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chong et al., 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Yousafzai et al., 2003 source

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Trust has a positive effect on intention to use e-banking (H4 accepted, B=0.301**).

    “H4: B=0.301**”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Intention to use e-banking has a positive effect on use of e-banking (H9 accepted, B=0.326**).

    “H9: B = 0.326**”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Quality of information has a positive effect on trust (H6 accepted, B=0.506*).

    “H6: ** B = 0.506”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Perceived security has a positive effect on trust (H8 accepted, B=0.408**).

    “H8: B = 0.408**”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Trust has a positive effect on use of e-banking (H5 accepted, B=0.181*).

    “H5: B = 0.181*”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Additional information

    Perceived privacy does not have a significant effect on trust (H7 rejected, B=0.054).

    “H7: B = 0.054”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation
    § (Insert Table 2) 4.1 Validation of the model measure

    Convergent validity was analysed taking variance into account, and indicators and their construct have similar variance, greater than 0.50 of the variability explained by the indicators.

    “Finally, convergent validity was again analysed taking variance into account, i.e., that indicators and their construct have similar variance, which should be greater than 0.50 of the variability explained by the indicators”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Fornell & Larcker, 1981

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data
    § 4.2. Validation of the structural model

    A test of the significance of the model's parameters was performed using 1,000 sub-samples from the study data.

    “A test of the significance of the model's parameters was performed using 1,000 sub-samples from the study data”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data
    § Sample and data collection

    The sample was distributed equally between men and women, 70% were between 18 and 34 years of age, 88% were university educated, and 79% earned more than the national average.

    “Although randomly selected, the sample was distributed equally between men and women, 70% of whom were between 18 and 34 years of age, 88% of whom were university educated, and 79% of whom earned more than the national average”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation
    § (Insert Table 2) 4.1 Validation of the model measure

    The internal consistency for all indicators in relation to their corresponding variables was measured using Dillon-Goldstein's test (composite reliability), and all values were greater than 0.70.

    “The internal consistency for all indicators in relation to their corresponding variables was measured using Dillon-Goldstein's test; this is known as the composite reliability coefficient, and all values were greater than the minimum acceptable level of 0.70”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gefen, Straub, & Boudreau, 2000 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data
    § (Insert Table 2) 4.1 Validation of the model measure

    The loadings for each indicator were significant, and all are validated.

    “table * shows that the loadings for each indicator were significant, and all are validated.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data
    § (Insert Table 2) 4.1 Validation of the model measure

    Discriminant validity was tested by comparing each variable's AVE with the correlation of each construct squared; the square root of the AVE was greater than the constructs, showing that each variable was more closely associated with its own items than with those of other variables.

    “Discriminant validity was tested by comparing each variable's AVE with the correlation of each construct of each variable squared; the values obtained from the square root of the AVE were greater than the constructs, showing that each variable was more closely associated with its own items than with those of other variables”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Fornell & Larcker, 1981

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data
    § Sample and data collection

    A total of 734 questionnaires were returned, of which 134 were excluded due to inconsistent responses, leaving a final sample of 600 valid questionnaires.

    “A total of 734 questionnaires were returned, of which 134 were excluded due to inconsistent responses, leaving a final sample of 600 valid questionnaires.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation
    § Sample and data collection

    The questionnaire was pre-tested with a group of 30 teachers to rule out language and comprehension problems.

    “The questionnaire was built and pre-tested with a group of 30 teachers to rule out language and comprehension problems”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Oliveira et al., 2014 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Sample and data collection

    The final questionnaire contained at least three indicators per variable.

    “The final questionnaire contained at least three indicators per variable”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data
    § Sample and data collection

    The sample did not achieve the sampling objectives for areas 4 and 5, as more than 90% of the sample was concentrated in areas 1, 2 and 3.

    “The most important characteristic of the sample is that it did not achieve the sampling objectives for areas 4 and 5, as more than 90% of the sample was concentrated in areas 1, 2 and 3”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation
    § Sample and data collection

    The sample was determined using stratified sampling with geographic quotas.

    “The sample was determined using the methodology of stratified sampling with geographic quotas”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hoe, 2008

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § H5: Perceived trustworthiness of e-banking has a positive impact on the use of ebanking in Colombia.

    Perceived protection of security serves as an antecedent to trusting the site.

    “When users of a financial website are aware of these factors, they tend to believe that the site will guarantee their security during the online transaction, which serves as an antecedent to trusting the site (Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § Web trust and its antecedents

    Trust is one of the most important variables in a user's decision to online purchase.

    “Trust is one of the most important variables in a user's decision to online purchase; it is defined as the psychological state of a client's perception of the seller's integrity and benevolence (Zhu et al., 2011).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zhu et al., 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given
    § Implications, limitations and future research directions

    This model can be used to predict the online behaviour of financial clients.

    “Further, this model can be used to predict the online behaviour of financial clients.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Introduction

    Government policies and public programmes to develop the digital sector, including e-banking, are limited throughout Latin America.

    “In addition, government policies and public programmes to develop the digital sector, including e-banking, are limited throughout Latin America (Katz et al., 2015)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Katz et al., 2015

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given
    § Implications, limitations and future research directions

    For the business sector, this study determines which variables are most important to their clients and analyses their needs and behaviour with regard to the use of financial websites.

    “For the business sector (in this case, financial institutions), this study determines which variables are most important to their clients and analyses their needs and behaviour with regard to the use of financial websites.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation
    § Sample and data collection

    These sample figures are consistent with the profile of e-banking and financial service users in Colombia.

    “these figures are consistent with the profile of e-banking and financial service users in Colombia (Rodríguez-Raga & Riaño Rodríguez, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rodríguez-Raga & Riaño Rodríguez, 2016

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Discussion

    The approval of e-banking in Colombia is tied to improvements in website security and to banks raising clients' awareness about proper use of confidential information.

    “It is believed the approval of e-banking in Colombia is tied to improvements in website security, as well as to the fact that banks have taken steps to raise clients' awareness about the proper use of their confidential information”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Implications, limitations and future research directions

    Other authors analyse different antecedents for trust and integrate other technological constructs, allowing them to analyse differences between men and women to determine the moderating effect of gender.

    “Other authors (Afshan & Sharif, 2016) analyse different antecedents for trust and integrate other technological constructs, allowing them to analyse differences between men and women to determine the moderating effect of gender (Oliveira et al., 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Afshan & Sharif, 2016 source
    • cites Oliveira et al., 2014 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given
    § Abstract

    This study is one of the first to present empirical findings on the acceptance of e-banking in Latin America.

    “This study is one of the first to present empirical findings on the acceptance of e-banking in Latin America”
    • Also stated in: § Implications, limitations and future research directions · plain
      “This study is one of the first to present empirical findings on the acceptance of ebanking in Latin America.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Introduction

    In Colombia, monetary online transactions accounted for 313,888,272 operations by 2015, representing only 13.10% of total monetary transactions.

    “these accounted for 313,888,272 operations by 2015, representing only 13.10% of total monetary transactions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Superintendence of Finance (2016)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Implications, limitations and future research directions

    The proposed model may be missing other variables that would improve the description of the acceptance of e-banking.

    “The limitation of this study is that despite its high degree of prediction, the proposed model may be missing other variables that would improve the description of the acceptance of e-banking.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § Government support

    These studies indicate that government support improves acceptance of e-banking.

    “However, these studies indicate that it improves acceptance of ebanking, finding that all government policies designed to foster the use of this channel are meaningful”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chong et al., 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Tan & Teo, 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § H5: Perceived trustworthiness of e-banking has a positive impact on the use of ebanking in Colombia.

    Protection of privacy directly influences clients' level of confidence in online transactions.

    “it has been demonstrated that the clients' perception regarding the protection of privacy directly influences their level of confidence (D.J. Kim et al., 2008) in online transactions”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites D.J. Kim et al., 2008

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Discussion

    Other studies found government support to be highly significant for intention to use online banking, especially in Asian countries.

    “these results differ from other studies that found this variable to be highly significant, especially in Asian countries (Chong et al., 2010;Tan & Teo, 2000).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chong et al., 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Tan & Teo, 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § H5: Perceived trustworthiness of e-banking has a positive impact on the use of ebanking in Colombia.

    The quality of information variable is very important to the study of the acceptance of web information as it relates to decision-making.

    “The quality of information variable is very important to the study of the acceptance of web information as it relates to decision-making (Erkan & Evans, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Erkan & Evans, 2016 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Government support

    Efforts to reduce the digital divide have a positive effect on Internet usage.

    “Efforts to reduce the digital divide and the consequent positive effect on Internet usage have also been extensively studied (Ghobadi & Ghobadi, 2013;Landau, 2012;White, Gunasekaran, Shea, & Ariguzo, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Ghobadi & Ghobadi, 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Landau, 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites White, Gunasekaran, Shea, & Ariguzo, 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Discussion

    The result that perceived security contributes to trust stems from the development and adoption of electronic encryption, and the adaptation of high-level global security for online transactions and highly secure personal access by all financial institutions.

    “This result stems from the development and adoption of electronic encryption, and the adaptation of high-level global security for online transactions and highly secure personal access by all financial institutions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data
    § Discussion

    These results reinforce the importance of key variables in the use of e-banking.

    “These results reinforce the importance of key variables in the use of ebanking.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given
    § Implications, limitations and future research directions

    The study presents a model that integrates the most important variables for analysing the acceptance of e-banking, especially in countries or regions where development is recent, and makes an original contribution by explaining the antecedents of trust and the government support variable.

    “It presents a model that integrates the most important variables for an analysis of the acceptance of e-banking, especially in countries or regions where development is recent, making an original contribution by explaining the antecedents of trust as well as the government support variable.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Discussion

    The finding that effort expectancy has no significant impact may indicate that users have already developed expertise in managing e-banking operations, rendering this variable insignificant.

    “This unexpected finding may indicate that users have already developed expertise in managing e-banking operations, rendering this variable insignificant”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Implications, limitations and future research directions

    Not all citizens have access to financial services and banking due to social gaps, such as education and economic level.

    “not all citizens have access to financial services and banking due to social gaps, such as education and economic level (Landau, 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Landau, 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § H5: Perceived trustworthiness of e-banking has a positive impact on the use of ebanking in Colombia.

    The website's information is related to the degree of trust it inspires in the user.

    “the website's information is related to the degree of trust it inspires in the user (Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Introduction

    Low rate of credit card use (just 10%) and high cost of financial services reveal widespread scepticism of e-banking in Colombia.

    “Other indicators such as the low rate of credit card use (just 10%) and the high cost of financial services reveal widespread scepticism of e-banking in this country (Rodríguez-Raga & Riaño Rodríguez, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rodríguez-Raga & Riaño Rodríguez, 2016

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Acceptance of e-banking

    UTAUT and UTAUT2 models have been widely used to study acceptance of e-banking, indicating that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and trust are important to the acceptance of e-banking.

    “The UTAUT and UTAUT2 models have been widely used to study acceptance of e-banking, indicating that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and trust are important to the acceptance of e-banking”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Afshan & Sharif, 2016 source
    • cites Kurila, Lazuras, & Ketikidis, 2016 source
    • cites Williams, Michael-D., Rana, Nripendra-P., andDwivedi, 2015 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § H1: Effort expectancy has a positive impact on the intention to use e-banking in Colombia.

    Performance expectancy has been amply validated with regard to e-commerce and e-banking in that users perceive economic benefits, satisfaction and convenience from e-banking.

    “it has been amply validated with regard to e-commerce and e-banking in that users perceive economic benefits, satisfaction and convenience from e-banking (Oliveira et al., 2014;Zhu, Lee, O'Neal, & Chen, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Oliveira et al., 2014 source
    • cites Zhu, Lee, O'Neal, & Chen, 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Discussion

    The negative result for effort expectancy could also indicate a lack of user experience and the novelty of Internet access in Colombia that leads to doubts and negative expectations about the use of e-banking.

    “however, the negative result could also indicate precisely the opposite, denoting a lack of user experience and the novelty of Internet access in this country that leads to doubts and negative expectations about the use of e-banking.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data
    § Discussion

    Government support is not significant, so its direct impact on the acceptance of e-banking cannot be determined.

    “Finally, the government support variable is found to be not significant, so it is not possible to determine its direct impact on the acceptance of e-banking.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data
    § Discussion

    The results of performance expectancy are consistent with the theory and indicate that users in Colombia have high expectations regarding the benefits that e-banking use will bring.

    “The results of the performance expectancy variable are consistent with the theory (Oliveira et al., 2014;Yousafzai et al., 2003) and indicate that users in Colombia have high expectations regarding the benefits that e-banking use will bring”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Oliveira et al., 2014 source
    • cites Yousafzai et al., 2003 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given
    § Abstract

    The study presents a model that integrates the most important variables needed for an analysis of the acceptance of e-banking.

    “it further presents a model that integrates the most important variables needed for an analysis of the acceptance of e-banking.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
50 of 50

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The government has implemented a series of policies over the past decade focusing on developing the digital sector.

    “the government has implemented a series of policies over the past decade focusing on developing the digital sector.”
1 of 1

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • H1 is accepted in the table but rejected in the text

    Major

    Table 5 marks H1 as accepted, whereas the results section says H1 was not significant.

  • Abstract reports a positive effort effect that the results reject

    Major

    The abstract identifies effort expectancy as having a positive impact, but the results report a negative coefficient and say its effect was not significant.

  • Privacy hypothesis is significant in the text but rejected in the table

    Major

    The results and discussion describe H7 as significant, while Table 5 marks it rejected and reports a p-value of 0.069.

  • Gender split is described as equal but is 54-46

    Minor

    The sample description says men and women were represented equally, but Table 1 gives them shares of 54% and 46%.

  • Government-support result reverses itself

    Minor

    The results say H3 was not significant but then state that government support does affect intention. The discussion instead says users perceived no such effect.

  • Reported trust-to-use t-statistic does not match its inputs

    Minor

    For the trust-to-use path, the reported coefficient of 0.181 divided by its standard deviation of 0.065 gives about 2.785, not the reported t-statistic of 1.936. The discrepancy exceeds rounding of the printed inputs.

    Reported 1.936 · recomputed 2.784615

6 of 6

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. 2004, Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations
  2. 2014, A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Long Range Planning
  3. 2008, Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique, Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 3, 76
  4. 2015, Users satisfaction towards online banking in Malaysia, International Business Management, 9, 15
  5. 2015, Users satisfaction towards online banking in Malaysia, International Business Management, 9, 15
  6. 2013, The antecedents of travellers’ e-satisfaction and intention to buy airline tickets online, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 26, 624, 10.1108/JEIM-07-2013-0040 · DOI
  7. 1995, Diffusion of Innovations
  8. Superintendencia Financiera, 2016, Informe de operaciones: Segundo semestre de 2015
  9. 2011, Mr Risk! Please trust me: Trust antecedents that increase online consumer purchase intention, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 16, 1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Canada, F.-J. A., Sandoval, A. V., & Alzate, J.-A. S.
Affiliations
  • Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
  • Institución Universitaria Esumer (CO)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Bank Marketing
Publisher
Emerald
Published
2018-02-05
Volume
36
Issue
1
Pages
170-183
ISSN
0265-2323 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1108/ijbm-10-2016-0145
OpenAlex
W2777064774
Cited by
109
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2
FWCI
6.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.emerald.com/insight/site-policies (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Bank Marketing (publishedVersion)
  • Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion)
  • RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Health, Technology, Consumer Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Keywords
electronic banking, technology acceptance, online trust, UTAUT2, government support, e-commerce policy, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, financial websites, consumer behavior, Colombia, Latin America

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-11.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-11.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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