In vitro measurement and characterization of current density profiles produced by nonrecessed, simple recessed, and radially varying recessed stimulating electrodes
Abstract
Potential fields induced by nonrecessed, simple recessed, and radially varying recessed electrode designs were measured in vitro. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical analyses substantiated the experimental measurement technique and emphasized the importance of considering both nonuniform charge injection and surface electrochemistry when designing implantable stimulating electrodes. Radially varying recesses produced uniform charge injection at the electrode surface and at the aperture-tissue interface. In general, the radially varying recessed electrodes provided a combination of uniform charge injection and flexibility in design and fabrication that warrants their incorporation into all appropriate planar stimulating electrode designs.
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For large electrodes used in some simulated studies, current intensity can be five-fold higher at the edge of the electrode than in the middle.
“However in practice current “pools” around the edge of electrodes87,88 – for the large electrodes used in some of the studies we simulated, current intensity can be five-fold higher at the edge of the electrode than in the middle.”
From A virtual patient simulation modeling the neural and perceptual effects of human visual cortical stimulation, from pulse trains to percepts (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Suesserman, M. F., Spelman, F. A., & Rubinstein, J. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 1991-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 401-408
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059770295
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM07266, T32GM007266)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 13056)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00166, P51RR000166)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- stimulating electrodes, current density profile, charge injection, surface electrochemistry, implanted electrodes, electrode design, potential field, radial variation
- MeSH terms
- Electric Conductivity, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Equipment Design, Surface Properties
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