Resolution of the epiretinal prosthesis is not limited by electrode size
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Epiretinal prostheses for the blind bypass diseased photosensitive cells in the retina, directly stimulating retinal neurons electrically and evoking signals that are relayed to the brain. Current clinical implants have few electrodes and provide limited visual acuity. Acuity may be improved by identifying electrode array design features and operational details that enhance or interfere with visual percept formation. We labeled all retinal ganglion cells in whole mount retina with a calcium reporter and then measured the number and pattern of cells responding, over a range of electrode diameters and stimulus durations. Span of the response scaled with electrode diameter for electrodes 60 μm and larger. Short stimulation pulse widths selectively activated cells nearest the electrode. Our measurements in the salamander retina suggest that the spatial resolution is 150 μm, which on a human retina is equivalent to 0.55(°) of human visual field and corresponding Snellen acuity of 20/660. Reading large print could be possible with such a prosthesis.
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Electrode size is not the only limiting factor, and further reducing the electrode diameter might not correlate to better resolution.
“However, the electrode size is not the only limiting factor, and further reducing the electrode diameter might not correlate to better resolution [142].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Behrend, M. R., Ahuja, A. K., Humayun, M. S., Chow, R. H., & Weiland, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 436-442
- ISSN
- 1534-4320 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0210
- PMC
- PMC3356684
- OpenAlex
- W2142922154
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R29EY011888)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- epiretinal prosthesis, retinal prosthesis, electrode size, spatial resolution, retinal ganglion cells, calcium imaging, salamander retina, visual acuity, retinal stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Gels, Prosthesis Design, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Sensory Thresholds, Caudata, Urodela, Vision, Ocular, Visual Acuity, Visual Prosthesis
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