A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Since the advent of distributed ledger technologies, they have provided diverse opportunities in a wide range of application domains. This article brings a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of distributed ledger and its variants. Analyzing 185 publications, ranging from academic journals to industry websites, it provides a comparative analysis of 130 consensus algorithms using a novel architectural classification. The distribution of the reviewed algorithms is analyzed in terms of the proposed classification and different application domains, along with the applicability of each class among the top 10 platforms in the most prominent blockchain application domains. Additional conclusions are drawn from the evolution of consensus mechanisms, and the analysis concludes envisaging future prospects for consensus as an important part of distributed ledger technology.
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Decentralized data-sharing fortifies data security through its distributed structure, rendering it resistant to targeted cyber-attacks or data breaches.
“Primarily, it fortifies data security through its distributed structure, rendering it resistant to targeted cyber-attacks or data breaches [43] [44].”
From Federated learning meets blockchain in decentralized data-sharing: Healthcare use case (2024) · cites this paper as [44]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Federated learning meets blockchain in decentralized data-sharing: Healthcare use case
Alsamhi, S. H., Myrzashova, R., Hawbani, A., Kumar, S., Srivastava, S., Zhao, L., Wei, X., Guizan, M., & Curry, E. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3367249 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lashkari, B., & Musilek, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 43620-43652
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3136753322
- Cited by
- 499
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 62.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta)
- Funders
- Government of Alberta under the Major Innovation Fund (RCP-19-001-MIF)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- Keywords
- blockchain, consensus algorithms, distributed ledger technology, blockchain platforms, blockchain applications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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