Proof of activity: Extending bitcoin’s proof of work via proof of stake [extended abstract] y
Abstract
We propose a new protocol for a cryptocurrency, that builds upon the Bitcoin protocol by combining its Proof of Work component with a Proof of Stake type of system. Our Proof of Activity protocol offers good security against possibly practical attacks on Bitcoin, and has a relatively low penalty in terms of network communication and storage space.
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The tragedy of commons in this context is where everyone selfishly looks for their own benefit without contributing to network security.
“This issue is known as the tragedy of commons [120] where everyone will selfishly look for their own benefit without contributing to the network security.”
From A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions (2019) · cites this paper as [120]
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- Authors
- Bentov, I., Lee, C., Mizrahi, A., & Rosenfeld, M.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Litecoin Project
- chromawallet.com
- Israeli Bitcoin Association
- Venue
- ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
- Published
- 2014-12-08
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 34-37
- ISSN
- 0163-5999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972614536
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 29.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptography and Data Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- Keywords
- proof-of-work, proof-of-stake, Bitcoin, blockchain security, network communication overhead, storage overhead
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