A pulse-width-adaptive active charge balancing circuit with pulse-insertion based residual charge compensation and quantization for electrical stimulation applications
Abstract
Charge balancing is an important task for the stimulators used in chronic electrical stimulation applications. In this paper, a pulse-width-adaptive (PWA) active charge balancing (ACB) circuit with pulse-insertion based residual charge compensation and quantization is proposed to fulfil this task. The proposed circuit dynamically adapts the pulse width (Tc) of counter phase (Φc) over a stimulation pulses train to achieve charge balancing. The adaptation step ΔTc is based on the quantized residual charge (Qres) of the initial stimulation pulse. Pulse insertion technique is used to quantize Qress and perform instant charge balancing after each stimulation pulse. The PWA ACB circuit mainly consists of an auxiliary pulse generator, residual voltage (Vres) monitoring and Qres quantization block, and a digital controller. A successive approximation (SA) algorithm is implemented in the digital controller for fast Tc searching. The proposed circuit is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS process with 24V LDMOS option, occupying a core area of 700μm by 150μm. The functionality and effectiveness of the circuit are verified through bench-top and animal experiments.
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Pulse-width-adaptive charge balancing has been developed as a stand-alone solution or to operate in parallel with offset compensation to overcome high-frequency current spikes blocking neural signals or interfering with next stimulating pulses.
“To overcome this, pulse-width-adaptive charge balancing has been developed as a stand-alone solution or to operate in parallel with offset compensation [147], [148].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [147]
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Butz, N., Taschwer, A., Nessler, S., Manoli, Y., & Kuhl, M. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2828823 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review
Habibollahi, M., Jiang, D., Lancashire, H. T., & Demosthenous, A. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2024.3430038 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“To overcome this, pulse-width-adaptive charge balancing has been developed as a stand-alone solution or to operate in parallel with offset compensation [147], [148].”
- Authors
- Yao, L., Li, P., & Je, M.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Venue
- 2015 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2015-11
- Pages
- 1-4
- OpenAlex
- W2244165710
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Keywords
- charge quantization, electrical stimulation, chronic stimulation, successive approximation algorithm, digital controller, 0.18 μm CMOS, LDMOS
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