Cited by 421Reinforcement Learning in RoboticsDomain Adaptation and Few-Shot LearningRobot Manipulation and Learning

Sim-To-Real via Sim-To-Sim: Data-Efficient Robotic Grasping via Randomized-To-Canonical Adaptation Networks

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James, Stephen, Wohlhart, Paul, Kalakrishnan, Mrinal, Kalashnikov, Dmitry, Irpan, Alex, Ibarz, Julian, Levine, Sergey, Hadsell, Raia +1 more·2019·2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Abstract

Real world data, especially in the domain of robotics, is notoriously costly to collect. One way to circumvent this can be to leverage the power of simulation to produce large amounts of labelled data. However, training models on simulated images does not readily transfer to real-world ones. Using domain adaptation methods to cross this "reality gap" requires a large amount of unlabelled real-world data, whilst domain randomization alone can waste modeling power. In this paper, we present Randomized-to-Canonical Adaptation Networks (RCANs), a novel approach to crossing the visual reality gap that uses no real-world data. Our method learns to translate randomized rendered images into their equivalent non-randomized, canonical versions. This in turn allows for real images to also be translated into canonical sim images. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this sim-to-real approach by training a vision-based closed-loop grasping reinforcement learning agent in simulation, and then transferring it to the real world to attain 70% zero-shot grasp success on unseen objects, a result that almost doubles the success of learning the same task directly on domain randomization alone. Additionally, by joint finetuning in the real-world with only 5,000 real-world grasps, our method achieves 91%, attaining comparable performance to a state-of-the-art system trained with 580,000 real-world grasps, resulting in a reduction of real-world data by more than 99%.

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Crossref · 10.1109/cvpr.2019.01291

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  • The main idea of RCAN is to map observations collected on simulated domain as well as those collected on real domain into a common further domain called the canonical domain.

    “The main idea is to map the observations collected on the simulated domain as well as those collected on the real domain into a common further domain called the canonical domain .”
  • The proposed RCAN approach returns excellent results, however, an effective transfer is not always achieved.

    “The proposed approach returns excellent results, however, an effective transfer is not always achieved.”
  • When the cGAN during training is fed with images sampled only from non-successful trajectories, the final controller results in an unsatisfactory transfer.

    “In particular, when the cGAN during training is fed with images sampled only from non-successful trajectories, the nal controller results in an unsatisfactory transfer.”

    From Crossing the Reality Gap: A Survey on Sim-to-Real Transferability of Robot Controllers in Reinforcement Learning (2021) · cites this paper as [46]

    Section 4.1 (p. 4) says the cGAN’s training images were sampled from QT-Opt trajectories, but does not describe training it only on unsuccessful trajectories. Section 5.2 (p. 7) reports transfer performance for other training approaches, not the claimed unsuccessful-trajectory condition. Searches for failed or unsuccessful trajectory sampling found no result addressing its effect on transfer. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. matas, 2018, Sim-toreal reinforcement learning for deformable object manipulation, Conference on Robot Learning
  2. viereck, 2017, Learning a visuomotor controller for real world robotic grasping using easily simulated depth images, Conference on Robot Learning
  3. goodfellow, 2014, Generative adversarial nets, Advances in neural information processing systems
  4. hernandez, 2016, Team delfts robot winner of the amazon picking challenge 2016, Robot World Cup, 613
  5. ronneberger, 2015, Unet: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation, Intl Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention

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Authors
James, S., Wohlhart, P., Kalakrishnan, M., Kalashnikov, D., Irpan, A., Ibarz, J., Levine, S., Hadsell, R., & Bousmalis, K.
Affiliations
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • Google (United States) (US)
  • Google DeepMind (United Kingdom) (GB)
Venue
2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Publisher
IEEE
Published
2019-06
Pages
12619-12629
ISSN
1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2905464683
Cited by
420
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 27
FWCI
23.43
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Robot Manipulation and Learning
Keywords
sim-to-real transfer, robotic grasping, domain adaptation, domain randomization, reality gap, canonicalization, image-to-image translation, vision-based reinforcement learning, data-efficient training, zero-shot generalization

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