Proof-of-work consensus approach in blockchain technology for cloud and fog computing using maximization-factorization statistics
Abstract
In this paper, we discussed an efficient statistical method with proof-of-work consensus approach for cloud and fog computing. With this method, solution with precise probability in minimal time is realized. We have used the expectation maximization algorithm and polynomial matrix factorization. The advantages of this statistical method are the less iteration to converge to the consensus solution and easiness to configure the complete mathematical model as per the requirement. Moreover, the energy and memory consumption are also less which make this approach appealing for cloud and fog computing. The experimental results also show that the proposed approach is significantly efficient in terms of time and memory consumption. This novel approach seems beneficial for Internet-of-Things (IoT), one of the most fast-growing technologies in network computing.
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PoW is not appropriate for Fog miners because it solves a complex mathematical puzzle requiring massive computational capacity and power.
“For instance, PoW that solves a complex mathematical puzzle requiring massive computational capacity and power, is not appropriate for Fog miners [156].”
From A survey on the adoption of blockchain in IoT: challenges and solutions (2021) · cites this paper as [156]
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“[37] proposed a statistical method to solve the expected value of a mathematical problem in the PoW consensus, to make the blockchain better suited for cloud computing or fog computing.”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Kumar, G., Saha, R., Rai, M. K., Thomas, R., & Kim, T.-H.
- Affiliations
- Lovely Professional University (IN)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 6835-6842
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- OpenAlex
- W2946193070
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 28.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- Keywords
- proof-of-work consensus, blockchain, cloud computing, fog computing, expectation-maximization algorithm, polynomial matrix factorization, Internet of Things
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