A Software Defined Fog Node Based Distributed Blockchain Cloud Architecture for IoT
Open accessAbstract
The recent expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the consequent explosion in the volume of data produced by smart devices have led to the outsourcing of data to designated data centers. However, to manage these huge data stores, centralized data centers, such as cloud storage cannot afford auspicious way. There are many challenges that must be addressed in the traditional network architecture due to the rapid growth in the diversity and number of devices connected to the internet, which is not designed to provide high availability, real-time data delivery, scalability, security, resilience, and low latency. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel blockchain-based distributed cloud architecture with a software defined networking (SDN) enable controller fog nodes at the edge of the network to meet the required design principles. The proposed model is a distributed cloud architecture based on blockchain technology, which provides low-cost, secure, and on-demand access to the most competitive computing infrastructures in an IoT network. By creating a distributed cloud infrastructure, the proposed model enables cost-effective high-performance computing. Furthermore, to bring computing resources to the edge of the IoT network and allow low latency access to large amounts of data in a secure manner, we provide a secure distributed fog node architecture that uses SDN and blockchain techniques. Fog nodes are distributed fog computing entities that allow the deployment of fog services, and are formed by multiple computing resources at the edge of the IoT network. We evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture and compared it with the existing models using various performance measures. The results of our evaluation show that performance is improved by reducing the induced delay, reducing the response time, increasing throughput, and the ability to detect real-time attacks in the IoT network with low performance overheads.
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In a flooding attack, the architecture in [102] balances load between fog nodes using blockchain and an SDN algorithm.
“In the specific case of a flooding attack, the architecture is able to balance the load between the fog nodes thanks to the use of the blockchain and an SDN algorithm.”
From A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things (2018) · cites this paper as [102]
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Wang, G., Shi, Z., Nixon, M., & Han, S. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) · doi:10.1109/blockchain.2019.00030 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Blockchain and internet of things: a bibliometric study
Kamran, M., Khan, H. U., Nisar, W., Farooq, M., & Rehman, S.-U. (2020) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.106525 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Blockchain-SDN-Based Energy-Aware and Distributed Secure Architecture for IoT in Smart Cities
Islam, M. J., Rahman, A., Kabir, S., Karim, M. R., Acharjee, U. K., Nasir, M. K., Band, S. S., Sookhak, M., & Wu, S. (2021) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3100797 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
An Energy-Efficient Data Aggregation Mechanism for IoT Secured by Blockchain
Ahmed, A., Abdullah, S., Bukhsh, M., Ahmad, I., & Mushtaq, Z. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3146295 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Multi-tier Blockchain Framework for IoT-EHRs Systems
Badr, S., Gomaa, I., & Abd-Elrahman, E. (2018) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.162 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Blockchain framework for IoT data quality via edge computing
Vara, R. C., la Prieta, F. D., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2018) · doi:10.1145/3282278.3282282 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Challenges of securing Internet of Things devices: A survey
Samaila, M. G., Neto, M., Fernandes, D. A. B., Freire, M. M., & Inácio, P. R. M. (2018) · Security and Privacy · doi:10.1002/spy2.20 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Tian, Z., Zhong, R. Y., Barenji, A. V., Wang, Y., Li, Z., & Rong, Y. K. (2020) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2020.1809733 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
P4-to-blockchain: A secure blockchain-enabled packet parser for software defined networking
Yazdinejad, A., Parizi, R. M., Dehghantanha, A., & Choo, K. R. (2019) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2019.101629 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Shukla, S., Hassan, M. F., Tran, D. C., Akbar, R., Paputungan, I. V., & Khan, M. K. (2021) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03279-3 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Siddiqui, S., Hameed, S., Shah, S. A., Ahmad, I., Aneiba, A., Draheim, D., & Dustdar, S. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3188311 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sharma, P. K., Chen, M.-Y., & Park, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology (KR)
- National Taichung University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 115-124
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2757817063
- Cited by
- 676
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 47
- FWCI
- 54.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) (IITP-2017-2014-0-00720-002)
- IITP (Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Software-Defined Networks and 5G
- Keywords
- Internet of Things, blockchain, software-defined networking, fog computing, fog nodes, distributed cloud architecture, edge computing, low latency, real-time attack detection, Internet of Things security
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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