Blockchain for Edge of Things: Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, blockchain networks have attracted significant attention in many research areas beyond cryptocurrency, one of them being the Edge of Things (EoT) that is enabled by the combination of edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this context, blockchain networks enabled with unique features, such as decentralization, immutability, and traceability, have the potential to reshape and transform the conventional EoT systems with higher security levels. Particularly, the convergence of blockchain and EoT leads to a new paradigm, calledBEoTthat has been regarded as a promising enabler for future services and applications. In this article, we present a state-of-the-art review of recent developments in the BEoT technology and discover its great opportunities in many application domains. We start our survey by providing an updated introduction to blockchain and EoT along with their recent advances. Subsequently, we discuss the use of BEoT in a wide range of industrial applications, from smart transportation, smart city, smart healthcare to smart home, and smart grid. Security challenges in the BEoT paradigm are also discussed and analyzed, with some key services, such as access authentication, data privacy preservation, attack detection, and trust management. Finally, some key research challenges and future directions are also highlighted to instigate further research in this promising area.
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The software and hardware manufacturers would get a lot of benefits from the FL because collaborative learning is possible between hardware devices and software applications without information leakage and the other benefit will come in terms of validation of the AI-based model since it is combined with the hardware devices that helps in continuous improvement of AI-based models.
“The software and hardware manufacturers would get a lot of benefits from the FL because collaborative learning is possible between hardware devices and software applications without information leakage and the other benefit will come in terms of validation of the AI-based model since it is combined with the hardware devices that helps in continuous improvement of AI-based models [110].”
From A comprehensive survey on federated learning techniques for healthcare informatics (2023) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Gadekallu, T. R., Pham, Q.-V., Nguyen, D. C., Maddikunta, P. K. R., Deepa, N., Prabadevi, B., Pathirana, P. N., Zhao, J., & Hwang, W.-J.
- Affiliations
- Vellore Institute of Technology University (IN)
- Pusan National University (KR)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2022-01-15
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 964-988
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- OpenAlex
- W3207929292
- Semantic Scholar
- 61f30650d26bf74be210ca162c37bd680765202b
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 44
- FWCI
- 35.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Korean Government (NRF-2019R1C1C1006143, NRF-2019R1I1A3A01060518)
- Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation
- Korea Government (2020-0-01450)
- Artificial Intelligence Convergence Research Center [Pusan National University])
- Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), South Korea
- Grand Information Technology Research Center Support Program
- Institute for Information Communications, Technology, Planning and Evaluation (IITP-2021-2016-0-00318)
- BK21 Four, Korean Southeast Center for the 4th Industrial Revolution Leader Education
- Pusan National University Research Grant, 2020
- Nanyang Technological University Startup Grant
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Keywords
- blockchain, edge computing, Internet of Things, decentralization (distributed systems), immutability, traceability, security challenges, access authentication, data privacy, attack detection, trust management, smart transportation, smart cities, smart healthcare, home automation, smart grid
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