Multi-disciplinary challenges in tissue modeling for wireless electromagnetic powering: a review
Abstract
Wireless electromagnetic powering of implantable medical devices is a diverse research area, with goals including replacing percutaneous wires, miniaturizing and extending the lifetime of implanted devices, enabling wireless communication, and biosensing, all while maximizing safety and efficiency of wireless power transfer. Many challenges in wireless transcutaneous powering are associated with tissue as an electromagnetic transmission medium. Tissue is lossy and variable, and safety is a concern due to absorption of electromagnetic energy in high-water-content tissue. The purpose of this overview is to summarize reported variability of tissue properties, particularly in the context of electromagnetic safety, with a focus on models of tissue that can represent variability in the design and evaluation of systems for wireless transcutaneous power transfer.
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Some studies suggest the need for more stringent SAR guidelines for implantable devices because conventional methods for estimating SAR might underestimate actual absorption levels.
“However, some studies (Bocan et al., 2017) suggest the need for more stringent SAR guidelines for implantable devices as conventional methods for estimating SAR might underestimate the actual absorption levels due to factors like the body’s heat dissipation mechanisms, variations in tissue conductivity and density.”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Bocan et al., 2017
Conventional methods for estimating Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) may underestimate actual heat absorption levels.
“conventional methods for estimating Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) may underestimate the actual heat absorption levels according to some studies (Bocan et al., 2017).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Bocan et al., 2017
Ultrasound at high intensities can pose risks such as tissue heating.
“This is because ultrasound, at high intensities, can pose risks such as tissue heating, necessitating careful calibration of the system (Bocan et al., 2017).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Bocan et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Bocan, K. N., Mickle, M. H., & Sejdic, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- ORCID
- Bocan, Kara N.
- Venue
- IEEE Sensors Journal
- Published
- 2017-10-15
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 6498-6509
- ISSN
- 1530-437X (ISSN-L)
- 1558-1748
- 2379-9153
- OpenAlex
- W2751768237
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Sensors Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, transcutaneous power transfer, tissue modeling, tissue electrical properties, electromagnetic safety, biomedical implants, electromagnetic wave absorption, wireless biosensing, wireless communication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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