A High Dynamic-Range Neural Recording Chopper Amplifier for Simultaneous Neural Recording and Stimulation
Abstract
Closed-loop neuromodulation is essential for the advance of neuroscience and for administering therapy in patients suffering from drug-resistant neurological conditions. Neural stimulation generates large artifacts at the recording sites, which easily saturate traditional recording front ends. This paper presents a neural recording chopper amplifier capable of handling in-band artifacts up to 40 mVpp while preserving the accompanying small neural signals. New techniques have been proposed that solve the issues of low input impedance and electrode-offset rejection, which enable a DC input impedance of 300 MΩ and a dynamic range of 69 dB (200 Hz-5 kHz) and 78 dB (1-200 Hz). Implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies an area of 0.071 mm2/channel, and consumes 2 μW from a 1.2 V supply. The input-referred noise is 7 μVrms(200 Hz-20 kHz) and 2 μVrms(1-200 Hz). The total harmonic distortion for a 20-mVpinput at 1 kHz is -74 dB. This paper improves the linearity by 14-26 dB, dynamic range by 11-28 dB, and input-impedance for chopped front ends by a factor of 11 as compared with the current state of the art, while achieving similar power and noise performance.
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Chopping significantly reduces the amplifier's input impedance due to the combination of the switched capacitor C_I and the passive mixer at the input.
“Chopping significantly reduces the amplifier's input impedance due to the combination of the switched capacitor C I and the passive mixer at the input [177].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [177]
A common combination composed of a chopper amplifier and an ADC is proposed in Chandrakumar and Markovic (2017; 2018) and Samiei and Hashemi (2019; 2021).
“A common combination composed of a chopper amplifier and the ADC is proposed in Chandrakumar and Markovic (2017; 2018) and Samiei and Hashemi (2019; 2021).”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Chandrakumar and Markovic, 2017
After band-pass amplification, the up-converted signal is down-converted to its original frequency, and the DC offset and flicker noise are up-converted away from the signal.
“After band-pass amplification, the up-converted signal is down-converted to its original frequency, and the DC offset and flicker noise are up-converted away from the signal.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Chandrakumar and Markovic, 2017
The chopper up-converts the low-frequency biological signal to the carrier frequency, away from the DC offset and flicker noise.
“To eliminate the influence of the operational amplifiers’ low-frequency noise and the DC offset, the chopper is used to up-convert the low-frequency biological signal to the carrier frequency (Fclk), away from the DC offset and flicker noise.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Chandrakumar and Markovic, 2017
Chopping is an effective way to reduce the low-frequency flicker noise of the amplifier.
“As shown in Figure 4E, chopping is an effective way to reduce the low-frequency flicker noise of the amplifier.”
From Advances in Neural Recording and Stimulation Integrated Circuits (2021) · cites this paper as Chandrakumar and Markovic, 2017
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“Chopping significantly reduces the amplifier’s input impedance due to the combination of the switched capacitor C I and the passive mixer at the input [177].”
- Authors
- Chandrakumar, H., & Markovic, D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 645-656
- ISSN
- 0018-9200 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-173X
- OpenAlex
- W2582798323
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) through DARPA’s Restoring Active Memory (RAM) Program (N66001-14-4029)
- SPAWAR contracting office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Keywords
- closed-loop neuromodulation, stimulation artifacts, dynamic range, input impedance, low-power analog front-end, 40-nm CMOS, input-referred noise, total harmonic distortion
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