Physical Security and Safety of IoT Equipment: A Survey of Recent Advances and Opportunities
Abstract
The connectivity and intelligence of Internet of Things (IoT) equipment offer improved services, but several technical challenges have emerged in recent years that hinder the widespread application of IoT, e.g., security and safety. Cyber-security and privacy countermeasures are widely used in IoT equipment, and many studies have been conducted. However, an important aspect that is often overlooked in security literature is IoT equipment’s physical security and safety, namely, preventing IoT equipment from vandalism and theft. Therefore, this article provides an overview of IoT equipment’s physical security and safety to draw attention to new research opportunities in this area. Afterward, we discuss, among other aspects, antitheft and antivandalism schemes along with circuit and system design, additional sensing devices, biometry and behavior analysis, and tracking methods. Besides, we summarize the artificial intelligence solutions for the physical security and safety of IoT equipment. Finally, we conclude with four future research opportunities.
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In Prime MotorX's perception layer, a design vulnerability in legacy wireless sensors is exploited by ransomware attacks.
“In this scenario, the exploited vulnerability is Design, and the launched attack is a Ransomware [54], [55] on the Legacy Sensor.”
From A Critical Overview of Industrial Internet of Things Security and Privacy Issues Using a Layer-Based Hacking Scenario (2023) · cites this paper as [55]
Yang et al. [4] provided an overview of the physical security of IoT devices, discussing anti-theft and anti-vandalism solutions, circuit and system design, additional sensing devices, biometric and behavioral analysis, and tracking methods.
“Yang.et al. [4] provided an overview of the physical security of IoT devices to draw attention to new research opportunities in this field. It discusses anti-theft and anti vandalism solutions, as well as circuit and system design, additional sensing devices, biometric and behavioral analysis, and tracking methods.”
From A Survey of IoT Privacy Security: Architecture, Technology, Challenges, and Trends (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
Most IoT security research reports only note the privacy security problems at the current stage, without in-depth analysis of root causes, and do not point out technical difficulties, which cannot provide guidance on research directions.
“Most IoT security research reports only note the privacy security problems of the IoT at the current stage, without in-depth analysis of the root causes of the security problems. At the same time, these reports do not point out the technical difficulties that need to be overcome to solve these privacy security problems, which cannot provide guidance on research directions [4].”
From A Survey of IoT Privacy Security: Architecture, Technology, Challenges, and Trends (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Yang, X., Shu, L., Liu, Y., Hancke, G. P., Ferrag, M. A., & Huang, K.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of Guelma (DZ)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4319-4330
- ISSN
- 1551-3203 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0050
- OpenAlex
- W4206362926
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 9.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072248)
- Ministry of Science and Technology China (G2021145009L)
- Jiangsu Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology Demonstration and Promotion Project (NJ2021-11)
- International Cooperation Capacity Enhancement Plan of Nanjing Agricultural University (2021-PY-10)
- China Scholarship Council (202106850023)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Technology and Security Systems
- Keywords
- Internet of Things, physical security, device safety, theft prevention, vandalism prevention, sensors, biometry, behavior analysis, tracking, artificial intelligence for security
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