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Cited by 33Advanced Fiber Optic SensorsNon-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

An FBG-based sensor with both wearable and handheld forms for carotid arterial pulse waveform measurement

Shi, Chaoyang, Zhang, Han, Ni, Xiaolong, Wang, Kaifeng·2023·IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
DOI 10.1109/tim.2023.3311052
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Abstract

This paper proposes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based high-precision sensor for cardiovascular pulse monitoring in real-time. The sensor prototype mainly consists of a force-sensitive flexure in a parallel structure configuration, a suspended optical fiber inscribed with an FBG element, a contact pad, and a wearable elastic band. The proposed flexure develops from a six-bar parallel mechanism based on the rigid body replacement method and achieves a compact, miniatured, and wearable design. This flexure converts the longitudinal pulse input into a horizontal deformation/force output, supports the force amplification with a simplified bridge-type amplified mechanism, and achieves improved sensitivity of pulse waveform measurement. The FBG optical fiber has been horizontally suspended and assembled on the flexure with a two-point pasting configuration and sensed the horizontal stretching and compression-induced strain variation. The parallel flexure based on a dual design has been introduced to depress the crosstalk among the lateral directions and the influences of external measurement disturbances. Design optimization has been performed based on the finite element method (FEM) simulation to improve the sensor sensitivity. Both static and dynamic experiments verify the performances of the optimized wearable sensor design. The sensor sensitivity achieves an excellent sensitivity of 1547.3 pm/N with a small linearity error of 0.38%, and negligible crosstalk of less than 2% in radial directions, validating its negligible anti-turbulence capability. The proposed sensor design also supports the easy implementation of the handheld sensor form. The carotid pulse measurement experiments for both the wearable and handheld sensor forms were carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed sensor design.

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  • Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based pulse sensors achieved low error margins (<2%) across diverse skin types.

    “Experimental prototypes, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based pulse sensors (Shi et al., 2023), achieved low error margins (<2%) across diverse skin types, suggesting future design directions [18].”

    From Photoplethysmography in Diverse Skin Tones: Evaluating Bias in Smartwatch Health Monitoring (2025) · cites this paper as [18]

  • Socioeconomic disparities in access to smartwatches may interact with skin-tone-related bias, raising additional equity concerns.

    “However, regional variations may exist, and socioeconomic disparities in access to these devices may further interact with skin-tone-related bias, raising additional equity concerns [17-23].”

    From Photoplethysmography in Diverse Skin Tones: Evaluating Bias in Smartwatch Health Monitoring (2025) · cites this paper as [18]

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Authors
Shi, C., Zhang, H., Ni, X., & Wang, K.
Affiliations
Tianjin University (CN)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2023
Volume
72
Pages
1-10
ISSN
  • 0018-9456 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-9662
DOI
10.1109/tim.2023.3311052
OpenAlex
W4386362888
Cited by
33
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9
FWCI
2.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (61973231, 62211530111, 92148201)
  • Royal Society (IEC\NSFC\211360)
  • International Institute for Innovative Design and Intelligent Manufacturing of Tianjin University in Zhejiang, Shaoxing, China
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Keywords
fiber Bragg grating sensors, wearable sensors, handheld sensor, force amplification, strain sensing, crosstalk reduction, sensor sensitivity optimization

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