iTUG, a Sensitive and Reliable Measure of Mobility
Open accessAbstract
Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used clinical paradigm to evaluate balance and mobility. Although TUG includes several complex subcomponents, namely: sit-to-stand, gait, 180 degree turn, and turn-to-sit; the only outcome is the total time to perform the task. We have proposed an instrumented TUG, called iTUG, using portable inertial sensors to improve TUG in several ways: automatic detection and separation of subcomponents, detailed analysis of each one of them and a higher sensitivity than TUG. Twelve subjects in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 age matched control subjects were enrolled. Stopwatch measurements did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The iTUG, however, showed a significant difference in cadence between early PD and control subjects (111.1 +/- 6.2 versus 120.4 +/- 7.6 step/min, p < 0.006) as well as in angular velocity of arm-swing (123 +/- 32.0 versus 174.0+/-50.4 degrees/s, p < 0.005), turning duration (2.18 +/- 0.43 versus 1.79 +/- 0.27 s, p < 0.023), and time to perform turn-to-sits (2.96 +/- 0.68 versus 2.40 +/- 0.33 s, p < 0.023). By repeating the tests for a second time, the test-retest reliability of iTUG was also evaluated. Among the subcomponents of iTUG, gait, turning, and turn-to-sit were the most reliable and sit-to-stand was the least reliable.
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Salarian et al and Weiss et al have shown that instrumented versions of the timed up-and-go test lead to improved sensitivity to gait impairments due to Parkinson's disease compared to observation methods.
“They have shown that instrumented tests lead to an improved sensitivity to gait impairments compared to observation methods.”
From A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation (2012) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- Salarian, A., Horak, F. B., Zampieri, C., Carlson-Kuhta, P., Nutt, J. G., & Aminian, K.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Salarian, Arash
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 303-310
- ISSN
- 1534-4320 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0210
- PMC
- PMC2922011
- OpenAlex
- W2125948867
- Cited by
- 489
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 38.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Oregon Health and Science University
- Kinetics Foundation
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Sharif University of Technology
- National Institutes of Health (5r37ag006457-28)
- National Institute on Aging (R37-AG006457, R01AG006457, AG-006457)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC 04082, R01DC001849, R01DC004082)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- Timed Up and Go test, Parkinson's disease, mobility assessment, inertial sensors, gait analysis, cadence, turning, sit-to-stand, test-retest reliability, balance
- MeSH terms
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Postural Balance, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Movement, Parkinson Disease
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