Automotive DC-DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved buck stages
Abstract
Interleaving technique is used in some applications due to its advantages regarding filter reduction, dynamic response, and power management. In dual battery system vehicles, the bidirectional dc-dc converter takes advantage of this technique using three-to-five paralleled buck stages. In this paper, we propose the use of a much higher number of phases in parallel together with digital control. It will be shown that this approach opens new possibilities since changes in the technology are possible. Thus, two 1000-W prototypes have been designed using surface mount technology devices (SO-8 transistors). An additional important feature is that due to the accuracy of the digital device [field-programmable gate array (FPGA)], current loops have been eliminated, greatly simplifying the implementation of the control stage.
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Interleaving technology can significantly reduce the size of filters, improve dynamic response, and optimize thermal management performance.
“Research has demonstrated that interleaving technology can significantly reduce the size of filters, improve dynamic response, and optimize thermal management performance [52].”
From Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Topologies for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
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“Research has demonstrated that interleaving technology can significantly reduce the size of filters, improve dynamic response, and optimize thermal management performance [52].”
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- Authors
- Garcia, O., Zumel, P., de Castro, A., & Cobos, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (ES)
- ORCID
- Zumel, P.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 578-586
- ISSN
- 0885-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146620135
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 17.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Real-time simulation and control systems
- Keywords
- bidirectional DC-DC converter, interleaved buck converter, digital control, FPGA control, dynamic response
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