Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Abstract
This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Off-board chargers bypass the on-board charger and connect directly to the battery.
“These chargers bypass the OBC and connect directly to the battery [5,13].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Bidirectional chargers can either be an isolated circuit or use a non-isolated circuit configuration.
“Bidirectional chargers can either be an isolated circuit or use a non-isolated circuit configuration [13].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
In most cases, a unidirectional charger consists of a diode bridge, a filter, and a DC-DC converter.
“In most of the cases, a unidirectional charger consists of a diode bridge, a filter, and a DC-DC converter [13,39].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
There are numerous organizations, technical bodies, and groups worldwide, so there is a lot of duplication.
“There are numerous organizations, technical bodies, and groups worldwide, so there is a lot of duplication [13].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an EV charging component standardization organization that focuses on EVs, while other bodies focus on specification at the component level.
“The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an EV charging component standardization organization.It focuses on EVs, while other bodies focus on specification at the component level [13,23,58].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Cites
The Impact of Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on a Residential Distribution Grid
Clement-Nyns, K., Haesen, E., & Driesen, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2036481 · Cited by 2,847 · see citing works
Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue
Kempton, W., & Tomić, J. (2005) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.025 · Cited by 2,323 · see citing works
A Review of Three-Phase Improved Power Quality AC–DC Converters
Singh, B., Singh, B. N., Chandra, A., Al-Haddad, K., Pandey, A., & Kothari, D. P. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2004.825341 · Cited by 1,728 · see citing works
Design considerations for a contactless electric vehicle battery charger
Wang, C.-S., Stielau, O., & Covic, G. (2005) · IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982. Print) · doi:10.1109/tie.2005.855672 · Cited by 1,474 · see citing works
Multilevel converters for large electric drives
Tolbert, L. M., Peng, F. Z., & Habetler, T. G. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.740843 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Electric Vehicle Technology Explained
Larminie, J., & Lowry, J. C. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470090707 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
A review of single-phase improved power quality ac~dc converters
Singh, B., Singh, B. N., Chandra, A., Al-Haddad, K., Pandey, A., & Kothari, D. P. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2003.817609 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Modeling of Load Demand Due to EV Battery Charging in Distribution Systems
Qian, K., Zhou, C., Allan, M., & Yuan, Y. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2057456 · Cited by 1,268 · see citing works
Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles
Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Gay, S. E., & Emadi, A. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420037739 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support
Tomić, J., & Kempton, W. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.010 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation
Guille, C., & Gross, G. (2009) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.05.053 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
A Bidirectional Inductive Power Interface for Electric Vehicles in V2G Systems
Madawala, U. K., & Thrimawithana, D. J. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2114312 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
A Survey on the Electrification of Transportation in a Smart Grid Environment
Su, W., Rahimi-Eichi, H., Zeng, W., & Chow, M. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · doi:10.1109/tii.2011.2172454 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid
Sortomme, E., & El-Sharkawi, M. A. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2010.2090910 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Hybrid multilevel power conversion system: a competitive solution for high-power applications
Manjrekar, M. D., Steimer, P., & Lipo, T. A. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.845059 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Optimal Design of ICPT Systems Applied to Electric Vehicle Battery Charge
Sallán, J., Villa, J., Llombart, A., & Sanz, J. (2009) · IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982. Print) · doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2015359 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Narrow-Width Inductive Power Transfer System for Online Electrical Vehicles
Huh, J. S., Lee, S., Lee, W. Y., Cho, G. H., & Rim, C. T. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2160972 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Stability and control of inductively coupled power transfer systems
Boys, J., Covic, G., & Green, A. W. (2000) · IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/ip-epa:20000017 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
The economics of using plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery packs for grid storage
Peterson, S., Whitacre, J. F., & Apt, J. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.070 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Tan, N. M. L., Abe, T., & Akagi, H. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2108317 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Impact of EV battery chargers on the power quality of distribution systems
Gomez, J. C., & Morcos, M. M. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery · doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2003.813873 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
An overview of power electronics in electric vehicles
Chan, C. C., & Chau, K. T. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/41.557493 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Spatial and Temporal Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand
Bae, S., & Kwasinski, A. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2159278 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Advanced Integrated Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Lee, Y.-J., Khaligh, A., & Emadi, A. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2028070 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Kintner-Meyer, M. C., Schneider, K. P., & Pratt, R. G. (2007) · Cited by 459 · see citing works
A Three-Phase Inductive Power Transfer System for Roadway-Powered Vehicles
Covic, G. A., Boys, J. T., Kissin, M. L. G., & Lu, H. G. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2007.904025 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Automotive DC-DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved buck stages
Garcia, O., Zumel, P., de Castro, A., & Cobos, A. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2006.872379 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Energy use, cost and CO2 emissions of electric cars
van Vliet, O., Brouwer, A. S., Kuramochi, T., van den Broek, M., & Faaij, A. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.119 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Musavi, F., Eberle, W., & Dunford, W. G. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2011.2156753 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Jang, Y., & Jovanović, M. M. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2007.900502 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Review
Morrow, K., Karner, D. B., & Francfort, J. E. (2008) · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Design of loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems
Stielau, O. H., & Covic, G. A. (2002) · International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON) · doi:10.1109/icpst.2000.900036 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
10 kHz inductively coupled power transfer-concept and control
Green, A. W., & Boys, J. (1994) · International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives (PEVD) · doi:10.1049/cp:19941049 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Du, Y., Zhou, X., Bai, S., Lukic, S., & Huang, A. (2010) · 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2010.5433359 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Rapid-Charge Electric-Vehicle Stations
Etezadi-Amoli, M., Choma, K., & Stefani, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery · doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2010.2047874 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Evaluation and Efficiency Comparison of Front End AC-DC Plug-in Hybrid Charger Topologies
Musavi, F., Edington, M., Eberle, W., & Dunford, W. G. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2166413 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Vehicular Electric Power Systems
Emadi, A., Ehsani, M., & Miller, J. M. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203913468 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Ultra-fast DC-charge infrastructures for EV-mobility and future smart grids
Aggeler, D., Canales, F., Parra, H. Z. D. L., Coccia, A., Butcher, N., & Apeldoorn, O. (2010) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe · doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2010.5638899 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
On-Line Electric Vehicle using inductive power transfer system
Lee, S., Huh, J., Park, C., Choi, N.-S., Cho, G., & Rim, C. T. (2010) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2010.5618092 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on hourly electricity demand in the United States
Weiller, C. (2011) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.04.005 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
A new IPT magnetic coupler for electric vehicle charging systems
Budhia, M., Covic, G. A., & Boys, J. T. (2010) · Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society · doi:10.1109/iecon.2010.5675350 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
An Integral Battery Charger With Power Factor Correction for Electric Scooter
Pellegrino, G., Armando, E. G., & Guglielmi, P. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2009.2033187 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
A Novel ZVZCS Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter Used for Electric Vehicles
Pahlevaninezhad, M., Das, P., Drobnik, J., Jain, P. K., & Bakhshai, A. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2178103 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Fundamental Considerations of Three-Level DC–DC Converters: Topologies, Analyses, and Control
Ruan, X., Li, B., Chen, Q., Tan, S.-C., & Tse, C. K. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2008.927218 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Optimal Design of a Hybrid Winding Structure for Planar Contactless Battery Charging Platform
Liu, X., & Hui, S. Y. R. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2007.911844 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Development and evaluation of single sided flux couplers for contactless electric vehicle charging
Budhia, M., Covic, G. A., Boys, J. T., & Huang, C.-Y. (2011) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6063826 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Multiphase Pickups for Large Lateral Tolerance Contactless Power-Transfer Systems
Elliott, G. A. J., Raabe, S., Covic, G. A., & Boys, J. T. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2031184 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Implementation of Vehicle to Grid Infrastructure Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Singh, M. K., Kumar, P., & Kar, I. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2172697 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Study of PEV Charging on Residential Distribution Transformer Life
Gong, Q., Midlam-Mohler, S. W., Marano, V., & Rizzoni, G. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2163650 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Review of high power isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters for PHEV/EV DC charging infrastructure
Du, Y., Lukic, S., Jacobson, B., & Huang, A. (2011) · 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6063818 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Nonconventional on-board charger for electric vehicle propulsion batteries
Solero, L. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/25.917904 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The Evolution of Plug-In Electric Vehicle-Grid Interactions
Tuttle, D. P., & Baldick, R. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2168430 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Power-Factor-Corrected Single-Stage Inductive Charger for Electric Vehicle Batteries
Egan, M. G., O’Sullivan, D. L., Hayes, J. G., Willers, M. J., & Henze, C. P. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2007.892996 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Review of charging power levels and infrastructure for plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles
Yılmaz, M., & Krein, P. T. (2012) · IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference · doi:10.1109/ievc.2012.6183208 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationBi-directional charging topologies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
Erb, D. C., Onar, O. C., & Khaligh, A. (2010) · 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2010.5433520 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
A Direct AC–AC Converter for Inductive Power-Transfer Systems
Li, H. L., Hu, A. P., & Covic, G. A. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2159397 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
On integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into existing power system structures
Galus, M. D., Zima, M., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.06.043 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
An Isolated High-Power Integrated Charger in Electrified-Vehicle Applications
Haghbin, S., Lundmark, S. T., Alaküla, M., & Carlson, O. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2162258 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Interphase Mutual Inductance in Polyphase Inductive Power Transfer Systems
Kissin, M. L. G., Boys, J., & Covic, G. (2009) · IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982. Print) · doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2020076 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
A combined multiphase electric drive and fast battery charger for Electric Vehicles
Sousa, L., Silvestre, B., & Bouchez, B. (2010) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729057 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Ni, L., Patterson, D. J., & Hudgins, J. L. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2165297 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Contactless Power Delivery System for Mining Applications
Klontz, K. W., Divan, D. M., Novotny, D. W., & Lorenz, R. D. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.363053 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
An integral battery charger for four-wheel drive electric vehicle
Sul, S., & Lee, S. J. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.464524 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Contactless power delivery system for mining applications
Klontz, K. W., Divan, D. M., Novotny, D. W., & Lorenz, R. D. (2002) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/ias.1991.178024 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Chang, H.-C., & Liaw, C. M. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2017546 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A Series-Tuned Inductive-Power-Transfer Pickup With a Controllable AC-Voltage Output
Wu, H. H., Covic, G. A., Boys, J. T., & Robertson, D. J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2010.2052069 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
An integrated fast battery charger for Electric Vehicle
Lacroix, S., Laboure, E., & Hilairet, M. (2010) · 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729063 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Modeling the Impact of Increasing PHEV Loads on the Distribution Infrastructure
Farmer, C., Hines, P., Dowds, J. R., & Blumsack, S. (2010) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2010.277 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Integrated chargers for EV's and PHEV's: examples and new solutions
Haghbin, S., Khan, K. S., Lundmark, S. T., Alaküla, M., Carlson, O., Leksell, M., & Wallmark, O. (2010) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2010.5608152 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Mullan, J., Harries, D., Bräunl, T., & Whitely, S. (2011) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.04.052 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Zhou, X., Lukic, S., Bhattacharya, S., & Huang, A. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference · doi:10.1109/vppc.2009.5289691 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Idling Port Isolation Control of Three-Port Bidirectional Converter for EVs
Kim, S., Song, H.-S., & Nam, K. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2172225 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Large air-gap coupler for inductive charger [for electric vehicles]
Sakamoto, H., Harada, K., Washimiya, S., Takehara, K., Matsuo, Y., & Nakao, F. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/20.800578 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: a review and outlook
Green, R., Wang, L., & Alam, M. (2010) · doi:10.1109/pes.2010.5589654 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Multilevel converters for large electric drives
Tolbert, L. M., & Peng, F. Z. (2002) · IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.1998.653826 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Comprehensive analysis of high quality power converters for level 3 off-board chargers
Düşmez, S., Cook, A., & Khaligh, A. (2011) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2011.6043096 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Inductive coupler for contactless power transmission
Sergeant, P., & den Bossche, A. V. (2008) · IET Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/iet-epa:20070059 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Multi-function bi-directional battery charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle application
Zhou, X., Wang, G., Lukic, S. M., Bhattacharya, S., & Huang, A. Q. (2009) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2009.5316226 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Chigira, M., Nagatsuka, Y., Kaneko, Y., Abe, S., Yasuda, T., & Suzuki, A. K. (2011) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6063778 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
An Appropriate Magnetic Coupling Co-Efficient for the Design and Comparison of ICPT Pickups
Boys, J. T., Elliott, G. A. J., & Covic, G. A. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2006.887590 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
An SCR Inverter with an Integral Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles
Thimmesch, D. M. (1985) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.1985.349573 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Inductive power coupling for an electric highway system
Bolger, J., Kirsten, F. A., & Ng, L. S. (1978) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtc.1978.1622522 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Model for a Three-Phase Contactless Power Transfer System
Matsumoto, H., Neba, Y., Ishizaka, K., & Itoh, R. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2011.2124472 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Design and optimisation of magnetic structures for lumped Inductive Power Transfer systems
Budhia, M., Covic, G. A., & Boys, J. T. (2009) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2009.5316197 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Multilevel Circuit Topologies Based on the Switched-Capacitor Converter and Diode-Clamped Converter
Zhao, J. Y., Han, Y., He, X., Tan, C., Cheng, J., & Zhao, R. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2010.2104330 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Fast Charging vs. Slow Charging: Pros and cons for the New Age of Electric Vehicles
Botsford, C., & Szczepanek, A. (2009) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.8049281 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Isolated boost circuit for power factor correction
Yang, E. X., Jiang, Y., Hua, G., & Lee, F. C. (2002) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.1993.290630 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Converter used as a battery charger and a motor speed controller in an industrial truck
Lacressonnière, F., & Cassoret, B. (2005) · European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications · doi:10.1109/epe.2005.219286 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
One million plug-in electric vehicles on the road by 2015
Saber, A. Y., & Venayagamoorthy, G. K. (2009) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc.2009.5309691 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Distribution transformer stress in smart grid with coordinated charging of Plug-In Electric Vehicles
Masoum, M. A. S., Moses, P., & Hajforoosh, S. (2012) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175685 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Common-Mode EMI Study and Reduction Technique for the Interleaved Multichannel PFC Converter
Kong, P., Wang, S., Lee, F. C., & Wang, C. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2008.2002090 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Magnetically coupled systems for power transfer to electric vehicles
Elliott, G. A. J., Boys, J. T., & Green, A. W. (2002) · International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems · doi:10.1109/peds.1995.404968 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Single-phase bidirectional AC-DC converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications
Shi, L., Meintz, A., & Ferdowsi, M. (2008) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2008.4677506 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hayes, J. G., Egan, M. G., Murphy, J., Schulz, S. E., & Hall, J. T. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.777198 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Design considerations and topology selection for a 120-kW IGBT converter for EV fast charging
Kutkut, N. H., Divan, D. M., Novotny, D. W., & Marion, R. H. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/63.654972 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
High frequency resonant inverter for contactless energy transmission over large air gap
Mecke, R., & Rathge, C. (2004) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.2004.1355378 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Gaining vehicle-to-grid benefits with unidirectional electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle chargers
Fasugba, M. A., & Krein, P. T. (2011) · 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference · doi:10.1109/vppc.2011.6043207 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeed bumps ahead for electric-vehicle charging
Fairley, P. (2010) · IEEE Spectrum · doi:10.1109/mspec.2010.5372476 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Design of on-board charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
Grenier, M., Thiringer, T., & Aghdam, M. G. H. (2010) · IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD) · doi:10.1049/cp.2010.0101 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Methodology to Analyze the Economic Effects of Electric Cars as Energy Storages
Lassila, J., Haakana, J., Tikka, V., & Partanen, J. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2168548 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Bruyère, A., Sousa, L. D., Bouchez, B., Sandulescu, P., Kestelyn, X., & Semail, E. (2010) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729220 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A low-cost, digitally-controlled charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
Tang, L., & Su, G.-J. (2009) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2009.5316496 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A Bi-directional battery charger for electric vehicles using photovoltaic PCS systems
Choe, G.-Y., Kim, J.-S., Lee, B., Won, C.-Y., & Lee, T. J. (2010) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729223 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Kim, J.-S., Choe, G.-Y., Jung, H.-M., Lee, B., Cho, Y., & Han, K.-B. (2010) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729042 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Inductively coupled power transfer for continuously powered electric vehicles
Pantic, Z., Bai, S., & Lukic, S. M. (2009) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2009.5289705 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Moses, P., Masoum, M. A. S., & Hajforoosh, S. (2012) · IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175689 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Fasugba, M. A., & Krein, P. T. (2011) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6063856 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationYılmaz, M., Buyukdegirmenci, V. T., & Krein, P. T. (2012) · IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo · doi:10.1109/itec.2012.6243497 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationRaghavan, S. S., & Khaligh, A. (2012) · IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175632 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
A Quadrature Pickup for Inductive Power Transfer Systems
Raabe, S., Elliott, G. A. J., Covic, G. A., & Boys, J. T. (2007) · IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) · doi:10.1109/iciea.2007.4318371 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Severns, R. P., Yeow, E., Woody, G., Hall, J. T., & Hayes, J. G. (2002) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.1996.500418 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Chen, H., Wang, X., & Khaligh, A. (2011) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2011.6042980 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Three-phase bidirectional battery charger for smart electric vehicles
Gallardo-Lozano, J., Milanés‐Montero, M. I., Guerrero-Martinez, M. A., & Romero‐Cadaval, E. (2011) · IEEE International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering · doi:10.1109/cpe.2011.5942263 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Consideration on Cordless Power Station-contactless power transmission system
Murakami, J., Sato, F., Watanabe, T., Matsuki, H., Kikuchi, S., Harakawa, K., & Satoh, T. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/20.539482 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Haghbin, S., Alaküla, M., Khan, K. S., Lundmark, S. T., Leksell, M., Wallmark, O., & Carlson, O. (2010) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729071 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Impacts of Stochastic Residential Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging on Distribution Grid
Yunus, K., Reza, M., Parra, H. Z. D. L., & Srivastava, K. (2012) · IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175691 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chao, Y.-H., Shieh, J., Pan, C., & Shen, W.-C. (2007) · IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) · doi:10.1109/pesc.2007.4342166 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Zell, C. E., & Bolger, J. (1982) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtc.1982.1623054 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
An integrated battery charger/discharger with power-factor correction
Aguilar, C., Canales, F., Arau, J., Sebastion, J., & Uceda, J. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/41.633453 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Integration of plug-in electric vehicle charging and wind energy scheduling on electricity grid
Li, C.-T., Ahn, C., Peng, H., & Sun, J. (2012) · IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175617 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment Design and Health and Safety Codes
Rawson, M., & Kateley, S. (1999) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/1999-01-2941 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Contactless energy transmission to mobile loads by CLPS-test driving of an EV with starter batteries
Sato, F., Murakami, J., Suzuki, T., Matsuki, H., Kikuchi, S., Harakawa, K., Osada, H., & Seki, K. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/20.619710 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Large air gap coupler for inductive charger
Sakamoto, H., Harada, K., Washimiya, S., Takehara, K., Matsuo, Y., & Nakao, F. (1999) · IEEE International Magnetics Conference · doi:10.1109/intmag.1999.837225 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A study on receiver circuit topology of a cordless battery charger for electric vehicles
Throngnumchai, K., Kai, T., & Minagawa, Y. (2011) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6063858 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Prediction and optimization methods for electric vehicle charging schedules in the EDISON project
Aabrandt, A., Andersen, P. B., Pedersen, A. B., You, S., Poulsen, B., O’Connell, N., & Østergaard, J. (2012) · IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175718 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
A digital testbed for a PHEV/PEV enabled parking lot in a Smart Grid environment
Su, W., Zeng, W., & Chow, M. (2012) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175581 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Converter selection for electric vehicle charger systems with a high-frequency high-power link
Klontz, K. W., Esser, A., Wolfs, P., & Divan, D. M. (2002) · IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) · doi:10.1109/pesc.1993.472021 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Study on 1.5 kW battery chargers for neighborhood electric vehicles
Lee, C.-S., Jeong, J., Lee, B., & Hur, J. (2011) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2011.6043129 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Khan, K. S., Haghbin, S., Leksell, M., & Wallmark, O. (2010) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2010.5607905 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Forward converters for dual voltage switched reluctance motor drives
Barnes, M., & Pollock, C. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/63.903992 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Battery charging systems for electric vehicles
Hayes, J. G. (1998) · doi:10.1049/ic:19980359 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
New control methods for rectifier-less PFC-stages
Frank, W., Reddig, M., & Schlenk, M. (2005) · IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) · doi:10.1109/isie.2005.1528966 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Power Supply for an Electric Vehicle Charging System for a Large Parking Deck
Hutchinson, S., Baran, M. E., & Lukic, S. M. (2009) · Conference record · doi:10.1109/ias.2009.5324870 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A study of sectional tracks in roadway inductive power transfer system
Zhang, W., Wong, S., Tse, C. K., & Chen, Q. (2011) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6063855 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Soft-transition three-phase PWM conversion technology
Vlatkovic, V., Borojevic, D., & Lee, F. C. (2002) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.1994.349746 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Charge! EVs power up for the long haul
Toepfer, C. B. (1998) · IEEE Spectrum · doi:10.1109/6.730519 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
(2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118557549 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Design considerations and topology selection for a 120 kW IGBT converter for EV fast charging
Kutkut, N. H., Divan, D. M., Novotny, D. W., & Marion, R. (2002) · IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) · doi:10.1109/pesc.1995.474818 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Three-Phase Inductively Coupled Power Transfer System
Covic, G. A., Boys, J. T., & Lu, H. (2006) · IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) · doi:10.1109/iciea.2006.257166 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Estimating the output power of flat pickups in complex IPT systems
Kissin, M. L. G., Covic, G. A., & Boys, J. T. (2008) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.2008.4591996 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hayes, J. G., Hall, J. T., Egan, M. G., & Murphy, J. (2002) · IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) · doi:10.1109/pesc.1996.548842 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Desbiens, C. (2012) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175606 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Use of inductive power transfer for electric vehicles
Lukic, S. M., Saunders, M., Pantic, Z., Hung, S. N. B., & Taiber, J. G. (2010) · IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting · doi:10.1109/pes.2010.5589673 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A full bridge LCL resonant battery charger for an EV conductive coupler
Kutkut, N. H. (2002) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.1998.703465 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Power-factor-corrected single-stage inductive charger for electric-vehicle batteries
O’Sullivan, D. L., Willers, M. J., Egan, M. G., Hayes, J. G., Nguyen, P.-T., & Henze, C. P. (2002) · IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) · doi:10.1109/pesc.2000.878914 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Comparison of integrated battery chargers for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: Topology and control
Woo, D.-G., Choe, G.-Y., Kim, J.-S., Lee, B.-K., Hur, J., & Kang, G.-B. (2011) · 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2011.5994791 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Türker, H., Bacha, S., Chatroux, D., & Hably, A. (2012) · IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt.2012.6175651 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Multi -Reconfigurable Power System for EV Applications
Pérez-Pinal, F. J., & Cervantes, I. (2006) · 2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference · doi:10.1109/epepemc.2006.283208 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Electric vehicle: infrastructure regulatory requirements
Foley, A. M., Winning, I. J., & Gallachóir, B. Ó. (2010) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Multi -Reconfigurable Power System for EV Applications
Pérez-Pinal, F. J., & Cervantes, I. (2006) · 2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference · doi:10.1109/epepemc.2006.4778447 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 157 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Automotive Li-Ion Batteries: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Ding, Y., Cano, Z. P., Yu, A., Lu, J. B., & Chen, Z. (2018) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-018-0022-z · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Mwasilu, F., Justo, J. J., Kim, E.-K., Do, T. D., & Jung, J.-W. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.031 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Das, H. S., Rahman, M. M., Li, S., & Tan, C. W. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109618 · Cited by 1,140 · see citing works
Compensation Topologies of High-Power Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Zhang, W., & Mi, C. C. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2454292 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicular Applications: Overview and Challenges
Patil, D., McDonough, M. K., Miller, J. M., Fahimi, B., & Balsara, P. T. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2017.2780627 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles
Ahmad, A., Alam, M. S., & Chabaan, R. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2017.2771619 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Adoption of electric vehicle: A literature review and prospects for sustainability
Kumar, R. R., & Kumar, A. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119911 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Extreme Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Technology Overview
Tu, H., Feng, H., Srdic, S., & Lukic, S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2019.2958709 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Un-Noor, F., Padmanaban, S., Mihet‐Popa, L., Mollah, M. N., & Hossain, E. (2017) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en10081217 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Global Trends in High-Power On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Khaligh, A., & D'Antonio, M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2897050 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Safayatullah, M., Elrais, M. T., Ghosh, S., Rezaii, R., & Batarseh, I. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3166935 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Survey on non‐isolated high‐voltage step‐up dc–dc topologies based on the boost converter
Tofoli, F. L., Pereira, D. D. C., de Paula, W. J., & Oliveira, D. S. (2015) · IET Power Electronics · doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0605 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Acharige, S. S. G., Haque, M. E., Arif, M. T., Hosseinzadeh, N., Hasan, K. N., & Oo, A. M. T. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3267164 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Functional inks and printing of two-dimensional materials
Hu, G., Kang, J., Ng, L. W. T., Zhu, X., Howe, R. C. T., Jones, C. G., Hersam, M. C., & Hasan, T. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00084k · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Mastoi, M. S., Zhuang, S., Munir, H. M., Haris, M., Hassan, M., Usman, M., Bukhari, S. S. H., & Ro, J.-S. (2022) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.09.011 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles—A Review
Mahesh, A., Chokkalingam, B., & Mihet-Popa, L. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3116678 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Optimal ZVS Modulation of Single-Phase Single-Stage Bidirectional DAB AC–DC Converters
Everts, J., Krismer, F., den Keybus, J. V., Driesen, J., & Kolar, J. W. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2292026 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
A review of technologies and applications on versatile energy storage systems
Zhang, Z., Ding, T., Zhou, Q., Sun, Y., Qu, M., Zeng, Z., Ju, Y., Li, L., Wang, K., & Chi, F. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111263 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Design Methodology of LLC Resonant Converters for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
Deng, J., Li, S., Hu, S., Mi, C. C., & Ma, R. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2013.2287379 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
800-V Electric Vehicle Powertrains: Review and Analysis of Benefits, Challenges, and Future Trends
Aghabali, I., Bauman, J., Kollmeyer, P. J., Wang, Y., Bilgin, B., & Emadi, A. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2020.3044938 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Whitaker, B., Barkley, A., Cole, Z., Passmore, B., Martin, D., McNutt, T. R., Lostetter, A. B., Lee, J. S., & Shiozaki, K. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2279950 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Wang, L., Qin, Z., Slangen, T., Bauer, P., & van Wijk, T. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/ojpel.2021.3054601 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Overview of wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicle battery charging
Musavi, F., & Eberle, W. (2013) · IET Power Electronics · doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0047 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Xue, L. L., Shen, Z., Boroyevich, D., Mattavelli, P., & Diaz, D. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2413815 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Habib, S., Khan, M. M., Abbas, F., Sang, L., Shahid, M. U., & Tang, H. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2812303 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Chakraborty, S., Vu, H. N., Hasan, M. M., Tran, D.-D., Baghdadi, M. E., & Hegazy, O. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12081569 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Yuan, J., Dorn-Gomba, L., Callegaro, A. D., Reimers, J., & Emadi, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069448 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Comparison Study on SS and Double-Sided LCC Compensation Topologies for EV/PHEV Wireless Chargers
Li, W., Zhao, H., Deng, J., Li, S., & Mi, C. C. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2479938 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Advanced Machine Learning Approach for Lithium-Ion Battery State Estimation in Electric Vehicles
Hu, X., Li, S. E., & Yang, Y. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2015.2512237 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Economic Analysis of the Dynamic Charging Electric Vehicle
Jeong, S., Jang, Y. J., & Kum, D. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2424712 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Advances in High-Power Wireless Charging Systems: Overview and Design Considerations
Feng, H., Tavakoli, R., Onar, O. C., & Pantic, Z. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2020.3012543 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Khalid, M. R., Khan, I., Hameed, S., Asghar, M. S. J., & Ro, J. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112189 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Modular Multilevel Converters for Transportation Electrification: Challenges and Opportunities
Ronanki, D., & Williamson, S. S. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2018.2792330 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Nonisolated High Gain DC–DC Converter for DC Microgrids
Lakshmi, M., & Hemamalini, S. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2733463 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
A survey on electric vehicle transportation within smart grid system
Shaukat, N., Khan, M. B., Ali, S. M., Mehmood, C. A., Khan, J. A., Farid, U., Majid, M., Anwar, S. M., Jawad, M., & Ullah, Z. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.092 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Li, W., Zhao, H., Li, S., Deng, J., Kan, T., & Mi, C. C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2384003 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Kesler, M., Kisacikoglu, M. C., & Tolbert, L. M. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2314065 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
A review on electric vehicles interacting with renewable energy in smart grid
Liu, L., Kong, F., Liu, X., Peng, Y., & Wang, Q. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.036 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Optimal Charging of Li-Ion Batteries With Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Dynamics
Perez, H. E., Hu, X., Dey, S., & Moura, S. J. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2017.2676044 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Pelletier, S., Jabali, O., & Gilbert Laporte, A. (2016) · Transportation Science · doi:10.1287/trsc.2015.0646 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Decoupling of Fluctuating Power in Single-Phase Systems Through a Symmetrical Half-Bridge Circuit
Tang, Y. K., Blaabjerg, F., Loh, P. C., Jin, C., & Wang, P. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2327134 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Electric Vehicle Charging Station Using a Neutral Point Clamped Converter With Bipolar DC Bus
Rivera, S., Wu, B., Kouro, S., Yaramasu, V. N. R., & Wang, J. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2348937 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review on Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging System
Khan, S., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, F., Shemami, M. S., Alam, M. S., & Khateeb, S. A. (2017) · Smart Science · doi:10.1080/23080477.2017.1419054 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: From Grid to Battery
Rivera, S., Kouro, S., Vazquez, S., Goetz, S. M., Lizana, R., & Romero-Cadaval, E. (2021) · IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mie.2020.3039039 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
A critical review on wireless charging for electric vehicles
Machura, P., & Li, Q. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.027 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
A PWM LLC Type Resonant Converter Adapted to Wide Output Range in PEV Charging Applications
Wang, H., & Li, Z. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2017.2713815 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
EV/PHEV Bidirectional Charger Assessment for V2G Reactive Power Operation
Kisacikoglu, M. C., Ozpineci, B., & Tolbert, L. M. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2251007 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Mahmud, K., Khan, B., Ravishankar, J., Ahmadi, A., & Siano, P. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109840 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Bidirectional Onboard Chargers for Electric Vehicles: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends
Wouters, H., & Martinez, W. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2023.3319996 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Vasiladiotis, M., & Rufer, A. C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2367237 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Smart Charging for Electric Vehicles: A Survey From the Algorithmic Perspective
Wang, Q., Liu, X., Du, J., & Kong, F. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2518628 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Electric vehicles charging using photovoltaic: Status and technological review
Bhatti, A. R., Salam, Z., Aziz, M. J. A., Yee, K. P., & Ashique, R. H. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.091 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Opportunities and Challenges for Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer: A Review
Jawad, A. M., Nordin, R., Gharghan, S. K., Jawad, H. M., & Ismail, M. B. (2017) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en10071022 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
A Survey on the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem: Variants and Solution Approaches
Erdelić, T., & Carić, T. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Transportation · doi:10.1155/2019/5075671 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Rafi, M. A. H., & Bauman, J. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2020.3015743 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Electrospun hollow nanofibers for advanced secondary batteries
Li, L., Peng, S., Lee, J. K. Y., Ji, D., Srinivasan, M., & Ramakrishna, S. (2017) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.06.050 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Review of power electronics in vehicle-to-grid systems
Sharma, A., & Sharma, S. (2018) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2018.11.022 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Optimal placement of electric vehicle charging stations in the active distribution network
Zeb, M. Z., Imran, K., Khattak, A., Janjua, A. K., Pal, A., Nadeem, M., Zhang, J., & Khan, S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2984127 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
“However, level 2 chargers require protection upgrade if used inside a residential house [18].”
BackgroundA Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converter for Battery Energy Management Applied in Electric Vehicles
Zheng, Z., Wang, K., Xu, L., & Li, Y. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2279185 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Power Quality Control of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids: An Overview
Nejabatkhah, F., Li, Y., & Tian, H. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912376 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
A matheuristic method for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and fast chargers
Keskin, M., & Çatay, B. (2018) · Computers & Operations Research · doi:10.1016/j.cor.2018.06.019 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Accounting for Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation in Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization
Hoke, A., Brissette, A., Smith, K. A., Pratt, A., & Maksimović, D. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/jestpe.2014.2315961 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Survey of the operation and system study on wireless charging electric vehicle systems
Jang, Y. J. (2018) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2018.04.006 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Rajendran, G., Vaithilingam, C. A., Misron, N., Naidu, K., & Ahmed, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103099 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Critical issues of energy efficient and new energy vehicles development in China
Liu, Z., Hao, H., Cheng, X., & Zhao, F. (2018) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.006 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Privacy-preserving Blockchain-based electric vehicle charging with dynamic tariff decisions
Knirsch, F., Unterweger, A., & Engel, D. (2018) · Computer Science - Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s00450-017-0348-5 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
A 300-kHz 6.6-kW SiC Bidirectional <i>LLC</i> Onboard Charger
Li, H., Zhang, Z., Wang, S., Tang, J., Ren, X., & Chen, Q. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2910048 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Charging Infrastructure and Grid Integration for Electromobility
Rivera, S., Goetz, S. M., Kouro, S., Lehn, P. W., Pathmanathan, M., Bauer, P., & Mastromauro, R. A. (2023) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3216362 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Power Electronic Transformer-Based Railway Traction Systems: Challenges and Opportunities
Feng, J., Chu, W. Q., Zhang, Z., & Zhu, Z. Q. (2017) · IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/jestpe.2017.2685464 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
High-Efficiency Hybrid LLC Resonant Converter for On-Board Chargers of Plug-In Electric Vehicles
Ta, L. A. D., Dao, N. D., & Lee, D. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2020.2968084 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Metwly, M. Y., Abdel-Majeed, M. S., Abdel-Khalik, A. S., Hamdy, R. A., Hamad, M. S., & Ahmed, S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992741 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Locating multiple types of charging facilities for battery electric vehicles
Liu, H., & Wang, D. Z. W. (2017) · Transportation Research Part B Methodological · doi:10.1016/j.trb.2017.01.005 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Fast charging technique for high power LiFePO4 batteries: A mechanistic analysis of aging
Anseán, D., Dubarry, M., Devie, A., Liaw, B. Y., García, V. M., Viera, J. C., & Gonzalez, M. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.140 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Wu, X., Hu, X., Teng, Y., Qian, S., & Cheng, R. (2017) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.086 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Kumar, M., Panda, K. P., Naayagi, R. T., Thakur, R., & Panda, G. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13158919 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
High-Efficiency High-Density Critical Mode Rectifier/Inverter for WBG-Device-Based On-Board Charger
Liu, Z., Li, B., Lee, F. C., & Li, Q. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2716873 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Rubino, L., Capasso, C., & Veneri, O. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.097 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Optimal Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging With Discrete Charging Levels in Distribution Grid
Sun, B., Huang, Z., Tan, X., & Tsang, D. H. K. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2016.2558585 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Survey of DC-DC Non-Isolated Topologies for Unidirectional Power Flow in Fuel Cell Vehicles
Bhaskar, M. S., Ramachandaramurthy, V. K., Padmanaban, S., Blaabjerg, F., Ionel, D. M., Mitolo, M., & Almakhles, D. J. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3027041 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Optimized efficiency of all-electric ships by dc hybrid power systems
Zahedi, B., Norum, L. E., & Ludvigsen, K. B. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.031 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Lithium dendrite growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes
Jana, A., & Garcı́a, R. E. (2017) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.056 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Wireless Power and Data Transfer via a Common Inductive Link Using Frequency Division Multiplexing
Wu, J., Zhao, C., Lin, Z., Du, J., Hu, Y., & He, X. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2453934 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Iacobucci, R., McLellan, B. C., & Tezuka, T. (2019) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2019.01.011 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The effects of high frequency current ripple on electric vehicle battery performance
Uddin, K., Moore, A. D., Barai, A., & Marco, J. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.033 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Pham, N. T., Trinh, H. M., & Hien, L. V. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2449877 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
A High-Efficient Nonisolated Single-Stage On-Board Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles
Oh, C.-Y., Kim, D.-H., Woo, D.-G., Sung, W.-Y., Kim, Y., & Lee, B. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2252200 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Tan, L., Wu, B., Yaramasu, V. N. R., Rivera, S., & Guo, X. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2539248 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Extreme Fast Charging Technology—Prospects to Enhance Sustainable Electric Transportation
Ronanki, D., Kelkar, A., & Williamson, S. S. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12193721 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Inductive power transfer for electric vehicle charging: Technical challenges and tradeoffs
Bosshard, R., & Kolar, J. W. (2016) · IEEE Power Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mpel.2016.2583839 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Türker, H., & Bacha, S. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2867428 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Effect of extreme temperatures on battery charging and performance of electric vehicles
Lindgren, J., & Lund, P. D. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.038 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Singh, A. R., Vishnuram, P., Alagarsamy, S., Bajaj, M., Blažek, V., Damaj, I., Rathore, R. S., Al‐Wesabi, F. N., & Othman, K. M. (2024) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2024.06.093 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Cyber Security in Control of Grid-Tied Power Electronic Converters—Challenges and Vulnerabilities
Sahoo, S., Dragičević, T., & Blaabjerg, F. (2019) · IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/jestpe.2019.2953480 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles
Amjad, M. J., Farooq‐i‐Azam, M., Ni, Q., Dong, M., & Ansari, E. A. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112730 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Fang, Z., Cai, T., Duan, S., & Chen, C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2379278 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Alsharif, A., Tan, C. W., Ayop, R., Dobi, A. M., & Lau, K. Y. (2021) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101439 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Ahmad, A., Khan, Z. A., Alam, M. S., & Khateeb, S. A. (2017) · Smart Science · doi:10.1080/23080477.2017.1420132 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Townsend, A. K., Jiya, I. N., Martinson, C., Bessarabov, D., & Gouws, R. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05285 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Multi-functional On-board Battery Charger for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
Kim, S., & Kang, F. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2376878 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Planning for electric vehicle needs by coupling charging profiles with urban mobility
Xu, Y., Çolak, S., Kara, E. C., Moura, S. J., & González, M. C. (2018) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0136-x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yilmaz, M., & Krein, P. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2151-2169
- ISSN
- 0885-8993 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0107
- OpenAlex
- W2019769688
- Cited by
- 3,118
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 151 · 2025: 246 · 2024: 274 · 2023: 287 · 2022: 291 · 2021: 286 · 2020: 294 · 2019: 292 · 2018: 260 · 2017: 196 · 2016: 199 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 69.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (publishedVersion)
- Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Keywords
- battery charger, plug-in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, charging infrastructure, off-board charger, on-board charger, bidirectional charging, inductive charging, conductive charging, Level 2 charging, charging time, charging cost
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
