The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 10 of the 19 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
A Framework for Emotion-Oriented Requirements Change Handling in Agile Software Engineering
Open accessAbstract
Background:Requirements Changes (RCs) – the additions/modifications/deletions of functional/non-functional requirements in software products – are challenging for software practitioners to handle. Handling some changes may significantly impact the emotions of the practitioners.Objective:We wanted to know the key challenges that make RC handling difficult, how these impact the emotions of software practitioners, what influences their RC handling, and how RC handling can be made less emotionally challenging.Method:We followed a mixed-methods approach. We conducted two survey studies, with 40 participants and 201 participants respectively. The presentation of key quantitative data was followed by descriptive statistical analysis, and the qualitative data was analysed using Strauss–Corbinian Grounded Theory, and Socio–Technical Grounded Theory analysis techniques.Findings:We found (1) several key factors that make RC handling an emotional challenge, (2) varying emotions that practitioners feel when it is challenging to handle RCs, (3) how stakeholders, including practitioners themselves, peers, managers and customers, influence the RC handling and how practitioners feel due to the stakeholder influence, and (4) practices that can be used to better handle RCs.Conclusion:Some challenges are technical and some are social which also belong to aspects of agile practice, emotional intelligence, and likely belong to cognitive intelligence. Therefore, to better handle RCs with positive emotions in socio–technical environments, agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence need to work in synergy with each other.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This paper reports two worldwide surveys on how requirements changes (RCs) are handled in agile software engineering and how they affect practitioners’ emotions. It identifies technical and socio-technical challenge factors, stakeholder influences, emotional responses, and practices intended to make RC handling less emotionally difficult.
Key findings
- Survey Alpha (40 participants) found an RC is challenging when its complexity is high (74%), cascading impact is high (62%), size is large (57%), effort required is high (64%), definition is imprecise/unclear (71%), priority is high (73%), access to customer is difficult/irregular (65%), and/or cross-functionality is forced.
- Survey Beta (201 participants) linked challenging RC dimensions to emotions: high complexity → low 1 emotions such as anxiety; low complexity → high 2 and high 1 emotions; high cascading impact → low 1 and low 2 emotions; large size → low 2 emotions; precise definition → high 1 emotions; imprecise definition → low 2 emotions; easy/regular customer access → calm; difficult/irregular access → fatigue and gloom; high effort → low 2 emotions.
- Stakeholders—practitioners themselves, peers, managers, and customers—influence RC handling and practitioner emotions through factors such as learning/knowledge acquisition, autonomy, mistakes, team expertise, efficiency/productivity, relationship management, manager empathy, customer self-regulation, and customer scepticism.
- Reported RC handling techniques include re-estimating and changing the sprint plan, RC prioritisation, discussing with the project manager, first come first served, finding one’s own ways, writing pseudocode, and early implementation of a flexible structure; the paper concludes that agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence need to cooperate to handle RCs with positive emotions.
Methods
- Mixed-methods design with two worldwide surveys: Survey Alpha (40 participants, convenience sampling) focused on RCs; Survey Beta (201 participants, random then purposive sampling) focused on emotional responses to RCs. Both used pilot studies and Qualtrics.
- Survey Alpha used descriptive statistical analysis and Strauss-Corbinian Grounded Theory open coding/constant comparison. Survey Beta used the short form of the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS; 20 emotions in four sub-scales) plus Socio-Technical Grounded Theory for data analysis (STGT4DA) open coding/constant comparison; findings from both surveys were synthesised using visual memos.
- Participants: Survey Alpha was majority Asia (N=26; 65%), mean total experience 8.74 years, mean agile experience 4.4 years; Survey Beta was majority North America (N=96; 47.78%), mean total experience 7.84 years, mean agile experience 5.12 years. All Survey Alpha participants used agile; 87.56% of Survey Beta participants used agile; overall 89.32% (N=216) used agile.
Limitations
- Paper-stated external validity: Survey Alpha was mostly Asia and Survey Beta mostly North America; Alpha participants may have felt differently about the challenges they experienced, and Beta participants may have faced additional or fewer challenges. The authors could not revisit Alpha participants about emotions felt, and both surveys ran during the Covid-19 pandemic, which may have affected emotional findings.
- Paper-stated construct validity and reliability: definitions of challenging factors in Survey Alpha and emotions in Survey Beta were not given to participants, so common understanding was assumed. All data were analysed by the first author, mitigated by weekly team meetings and a final meeting between the first and second authors.
- Evident from the text: Survey Beta did not reach the planned 385 participants because quantitative saturation was met; Survey Beta quantitative findings are out of scope and reported elsewhere; the paper found no specific emotional responses for RC priority and cross-functionality, and could not find how practitioners feel when RCs are small. The paper also notes that age-related peer findings are potentially controversial and require further research, and that the practicality of its recommendations was not studied.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
10 of 19 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Previously [15] we found that RCs and stakeholders act as stimuli of triggering emotions at distinct events in project and RC handling life cycles.
“Previously [15] we found that RCs and the stakeholders act as the stimuli of triggering emotions particularly at distinct events in the project and RC handling life cycles.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [15] source
- Premisecitation
Less attention has been given to investigating the emotions of practitioners while handling requirements or RCs.
“However, less attention has been given to investigating the emotions of practitioners while handling requirements or RCs [14], [15].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [14] Madampe, Towards understanding emotional response to requirements changes in agile teams
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [15] source
- Premisecitation
Research on emotions during requirements engineering activities, including while handling RCs, is extremely limited.
“However, research on emotions during requirements engineering activities, including while handling RCs is extremely limited [36], [14], [15].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 3 sources checked- cites [36] source
The Introduction discusses research on software developers’ emotions and says that no prior study had linked daily self-reported emotions with repository measures. It does not assess how much research exists on emotions during requirements engineering or while handling RCs; searches for those topics found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [14] Madampe, Towards understanding emotional response to requirements changes in agile teams
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [15] source
- Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when its complexity is high.
“• complexity is high and/or;”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when its cascading impact is high.
“• cascading impact is high and/or;”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when its effort required is high.
“• effort required is high and/or;”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when its size is large.
“• size is large and/or;”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when its definition is imprecise or unclear.
“• definition is imprecise or unclear and/or;”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Low complexity requirements changes are associated with high pleasurable emotions (content, calm, relaxed).
“| | Low | High 1 in gen. Content Calm Relaxed |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The study could not find how practitioners feel when their RCs are small.
“Even though we found evidence of emotional responses felt towards largesized RCs, we could not find how practitioners feel when their RCs are small.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the impact of the RC on other requirements, including already developed ones, is low, practitioners tend to feel high 1 emotions.
“When the impact of the RC on the other requirements, including the ones that have already been developed, is low, the practitioners tend to feel high 1 emotions (e.g.: content).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
When the RC complexity that was originally specified changes to a less complicated one, practitioners tend to feel high pleasurable emotions.
“Even when the RC complexity that was originally specified changes to a less complicated one, they tend to feel high pleasurable emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Several stakeholder factors (practitioner, team, manager, customer) are perceived by practitioners as influencing overall RC handling and resulting in emotional responses.
“We found several stakeholder factors that are perceived by the practitioners as factors that influence the overall RC handling and resulting in their emotional responses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
Emotions felt for challenges reported by survey Alpha participants were reported by survey Beta participants.
“The emotions felt for the challenges (answer to RQ2) reported by survey Alpha participants, were reported by the survey Beta participants.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Feeling empowered, having autonomy, and feeling responsible while working on RCs results in high 2 and high 1 emotions in practitioners.
“The practitioners feeling empowered, having autonomy, and feeling responsible while working on RCs result in high 2 (e.g.: energetic, inspired) and high 1 (e.g.: satisfied, relaxed) emotions within them as they reported.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
When the customer is busy and there are delays in replying about the RC, does not read emails fully, or does not take meetings seriously, practitioners feel low 2 emotions.
“when the customer is busy and there are delays in replying about the RC, does not read the emails fully, or even not taking the meetings seriously, they feel low 2 emotions (e.g.: fatigued, gloomy).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The most common RC handling techniques practitioners use upon receiving RCs prior to development are predevelopment RC handling techniques.
“By synthesising findings from both survey Alpha and Beta we found the most common RC handling techniques practitioners use upon receiving RCs to prior development, i.e., predevelopment RC handling techniques.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: RCs are unavoidable and impact the scope, cost, and time of software development projects.
- Findingnone given
When the cascading impact of an RC is high, practitioners tend to feel low 2 emotions.
“when the cascading impact is high -such as when several changes have to be done together to realise the RC, such as design-level changes in the database, application, and program structure -practitioners tend to feel both low 1 (e.g.: angry) and low 2 (e.g.: discouraged, fatigued) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
Knowledge acquisition and learning through handling an RC makes some practitioners feel high 2 emotions (e.g., excited, inspired).
“They see knowledge acquisition and learning as an antecedent that makes them feel high 2 emotions (e.g.: excited, inspired)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
When the team has efficient and productive members, practitioners feel high 2 and high 1 emotions.
“When the team has members who are efficient and productive, this results in both high 2 (e.g.: inspired, excited, energetic) and high 1 (e.g.: relaxed, satisfied, calm, at ease) emotions of practitioners, as a better outcome is anticipated.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The key stakeholders found are practitioner, team, manager, and customer.
“The key stakeholders found are the “practitioner”, “team”, “manager”, and “customer”.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Some participants implement RCs as they receive them (first come, first served).
“In some cases, participants implement RCs as they receive them.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When team members work effectively, are accountable, and ask/receive help, practitioners feel high 2 and high 1 emotions.
“When team members work effectively, being accountable for what they do, and ask for and receive help from others in the team, this tends to make individual practitioners feel both high 2 (e.g.: inspired, energetic) and high 1 (e.g.: relaxed, satisfied, calm) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
When an RC is not complicated to work on, practitioners tend to feel high 2 emotions.
“when the RC is not complicated to work on, they tend to feel both high 2 (e.g.: excited, energetic) and high 1 (e.g.: content, calm, relaxed) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When access to the customer is difficult/irregular, emotions such as fatigue and gloom are felt.
“When it is difficult/ irregular to access the customer, emotions such as fatigue and gloom are felt.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the RC is defined imprecisely or unclearly, low 2 emotions are felt.
“However, low 2 emotions are felt when the RC is defined imprecisely or unclearly.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
When an RC is not complicated to work on, practitioners tend to feel high 1 emotions.
“when the RC is not complicated to work on, they tend to feel both high 2 (e.g.: excited, energetic) and high 1 (e.g.: content, calm, relaxed) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Early implementation of a flexible structure to manage logic flow is useful for handling cascading impacts of an RC.
“This technique is useful for handling cascading impacts of an RC.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When customer is unclear and requests RCs repeatedly, practitioners feel low 1 and low 2 emotions.
“If practitioners perceive that their customer is not clear about what they need and request RCs repeatedly, then practitioners perceive that as an antecedent that makes them feel both low 1 (e.g.: anxious) and low 2 (e.g.: bored, depressed, discouraged) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When an RC is less complicated, practitioners feel both high 2 and high 1 emotions.
“When an RC is less complicated, practitioners feel both high 2 and high 1 emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the effort required to work on the RC is high, low 2 emotions tend to be felt by practitioners.
“Further, when the effort required to work on the RC is high, low 2 emotions tend to be felt by practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when its priority is high.
“• priority is high and/or;”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Having expert/competent/experienced team members tends to arouse high 2 and high 1 emotions in practitioners when handling RCs.
“Having team members who are experts, competent, and having relevant experience in the team tend to arise high 2 (e.g.: inspired) and high 1 (e.g.: relaxed, satisfied, calm, at ease) emotions in practitioners when they are handling RCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Factors that arouse emotions in practitioners may also have work-related consequences.
“The factors not only result in arousing the emotions of the practitioners but may also have work-related consequences.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Some practitioners reported need to periodically revisit RC change handling priorities and ordering to manage negative reactions.
“Some practitioners reported the need to periodically revisit RC change handling priorities and ordering, to help them manage negative reactions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the cascading impact of an RC is high, practitioners tend to feel low 1 emotions.
“when the cascading impact is high -such as when several changes have to be done together to realise the RC, such as design-level changes in the database, application, and program structure -practitioners tend to feel both low 1 (e.g.: angry) and low 2 (e.g.: discouraged, fatigued) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Forced cross-functionality makes RC handling challenging.
“that forced cross-functionality make the RC handling challenging.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingreasoning
When the size of the RC is large, practitioners tend to feel low 2 emotions in general.
“When the size of the RC is large, the practitioners tend to feel low 2 emotions in general.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
When an RC is complicated to work on, practitioners tend to feel more low 1 emotions.
“when an RC is complicated to work on, they tend to feel more low 1 emotions (e.g.: anxiety)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When RCs are within scope, practitioners tend to feel high 2 emotions.
“when the RCs are within scope, practitioners tend to feel high 2 emotions (e.g.: enthusiastic).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
An RC is seen as challenging when access to customer is difficult or irregular.
“• access to customer is difficult or irregular.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
Customer working together with team and giving input leads to high pleasurable emotions in practitioners.
“For instance, having a better understanding of the RC and customer working together with the team, and giving input to the team leads to high pleasurable emotions of the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Practitioners use common RC handling techniques that make RC handling more emotionally easier.
“Some common RC handling techniques were reported by practitioners -ranging from processes including high-level practices to low-level coding techniques -that they use and that make their RC handling more emotionally easier.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
Low 2 emotions tend to be felt when an RC is large.
“Low 2 emotions tend to be felt when an RC is large.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
When RCs are not well-defined, practitioners tend to feel low 2 emotions.
“when RCs are not well-defined, practitioners tend to feel low 2 emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the definition of the RC is precise/clear, high 1 emotions are felt.
“When the definition of the RC is precise/ clear, high 1 emotions are felt.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Practitioners feel various emotions while handling RCs.
“Our findings indicate that practitioners feel various emotions while handling RCs”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
When an RC is well-defined, practitioners tend to feel high 1 emotions in general.
“When the RC is well-defined, practitioners tend to feel high 1 emotions in general.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The study did not find specific reported emotional responses for RC priority and cross-functionality aspects.
“We did not find specific reported emotional responses for RC priority and cross-functionality aspects.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
Forced effort due to RCs often leads to low 1 and low 2 emotions in practitioners.
“This forced effort often leads to low 1 emtions and low 2 (e.g.: bored, depressed) emotions, especially in depression, as perceived by the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Team members making mistakes is associated with low pleasurable emotions.
“Team members making mistakes ( D)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Learning/knowledge acquisition arouses high pleasurable emotions when preferred by practitioners.
“Some factors take both high and low pleasurable dimensions -for example, learning/ knowledge acquisition arouses high pleasurable emotions when that is preferred by the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When practitioners have regular conversations about an RC and engage with their team throughout the process, they tend to feel high 1 emotions.
“When practitioners have regular conversations about an RC and engage with their team throughout the process, they tend to feel high 1 emotions (e.g.: calm).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Several participants reported being required to work overtime because of RCs.
“Several participants reported that they are required to work overtime because of the RCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the cascading impact of the RC is high, practitioners tend to feel both low 2 and low 1 emotions.
“When the cascading impact of the RC is high, practitioners tend to feel both low 2 and low 1 emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When learning/knowledge acquisition is difficult, low pleasurable emotions may be aroused.
“However, when it is difficult to learn/ acquire the knowledge, low pleasurable emotions may be aroused.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
When the cascading impact is low, the emotions felt by practitioners tend to be high 1.
“When the cascading impact is low, the emotions felt by the practitioners tend to be high 1 .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Customers' manifested low pleasurable emotions (unsatisfied/unimpressed) are associated with low pleasurable emotions in practitioners (angry, depressed, anxious).
“| [-A] Customers' manifested low pleasurable emotions [unsatisfied/ unimpressed] [CC2] | Angry Low 2 in gen. Depressed |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
The study found DEQ, JES, and JAWS to be appropriate emotion scales for use in the study.
“Through our analysis, we found 3 scales -Discrete Emotions Questionnaire (DEQ), Job Emotion Scale (JES), and Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS)to be appropriate scales for use in our study.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
Researcher bias was mitigated.
“Hence, the researcher bias was mitigated.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductown data
In survey Beta, the study did not collect data from 385 participants because the collected data met the requirement on saturation of quantitative data.
“However, in survey Beta, we did not collect data from 385 participants as the data we collected met our requirement on saturation of quantitative data collected”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductown data
The study found evidence for each RC challenging factor along their dimensions using STGT4DA.
“As given in Table 8, we found evidence for each RC challenging factor along their dimensions using STGT4DA.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Socio-technical factors can be categorised into agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence.
“Further analysis of our findings resulted in categorising socio-technical factors into agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence of practitioners and stakeholders.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductown data
STGT helped identify evidence in survey Beta data for emotions for RC handling challenging factors found in survey Alpha.
“It helped us in identifying the evidence in survey Beta data for emotions for RC handling challenging factors found in survey Alpha.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
Complexity, cascading impact, size, definition, and priority are more technical aspects of handling RCs.
“Some of the challenging factors of RC handling reported and their impact on practitioner emotions -complexity, cascading impact, size, definition, and priority -are more technical aspects of handling RCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
It was not possible to visit survey Alpha participants back to query about emotions felt, so the first point remains a threat to validity of RQ2 findings.
“However, as it was not possible to visit survey Alpha participants back query about the emotions felt, the first point mentioned above remains as a threat to the validity of the findings of RQ2.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Probably not a substantial claim. 80
- It may state two separate claims as one. 29
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationWe have presented how behavior change models can be used in agile contexts to change behavior of certain agile roles in a previous study [58].
“we have presented how behavior change models can be used in agile contexts to change the behavior of certain agile roles in a theory-based previous study of us [58].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [58] source
The Analyzing the Public Discourse section describes coding articles about older developers’ employability, and the Conclusion discusses employability strategies. Searches for behavior change models and agile roles found no passage describing their use in an agile-context study. The indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
PremisecitationExisting research recognises an association between emotions and behavior, cognition, productivity, and decision-making.
“Existing research recognises the association between emotions and behavior [3], cognition [3], productivity [3], [4], [5], [6], and decision-making [7].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationHoda et al. [46] mentions that customer's scepticism leads to inadequate collaboration during software development.
“Furthermore, Hoda et al. [46] mentions that customer's scepticism leads to inadequate collaboration during software development.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Hoda et al. [46] source
The Initial Results and Discussion section identifies communication and coordination with end users as challenges in requirements change management. It does not say that customer scepticism causes inadequate collaboration; searches for scepticism, skepticism, and customer involvement did not establish that link. The cited paper is by Anwer et al., not Hoda et al. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
It may state two separate claims as one.
PremisecitationStudies on changes in requirements and change management lack attention in research.
“However, studies on changes in requirements [19], and change management lacks attention in research [20], [21], [22].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked- cites [19] source
The References section lists a study of requirements changes in agile teams, but does not say that requirements-change or change-management research lacks attention. Searches for those terms and for claims that the topics are understudied found no passage in our copy making that assessment. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [20] source
- cites [21] source
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationBaltes et al. summarised most common employment strategies for older developers in [57].
“While Baltes et al. summarised most common employment strategies for older developers in their article [57]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] source
The Introduction and Motivation sections discuss emotions in Agile teams, not employment strategies for older developers. Searches for Baltes and for older developers’ employment strategies found no relevant passage in our copy; its References section also does not list Baltes. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationThe authors of JAWS claim the short form is the most commonly used form.
“We utilised the short form which the authors of JAWS claim as the form that is most commonly used [52].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [52] source
The Introduction discusses other emotion measures, including PANAS and POMS, but does not address JAWS or which JAWS form is most commonly used. Searches for “JAWS” and “short form most commonly used” found no passage supporting the claim. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
It may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataParticipants perceived peer age impacts RC handling and results in emotions.
“Some of our findings indicate that participants perceived the age of the peers in the team impact the RC handling and result in the emotions of the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataWhen a manager is empathetic, does not pressurise, motivates, and allows team to handle RCs, practitioners feel high 2 and high 1 emotions.
“when a manager does not pressurise their team, but motivates the team (MC1) by being empathetic and allowing the team to handle their RCs as best suits them, practitioners tend to experience an arising of high 2 emotions (e.g.: energetic), and high 1 (e.g.: calm) emotions of the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenWhen customer manifests low pleasurable emotions (unsatisfied/unimpressed), practitioners tend to feel angry and low 2 emotions.
“Likewise, if the customer appears to be unsatisfied or unimpressed with the delivered work -that is, when the manifested emotions of the customer are low pleasurable emotions (e.g.: unsatisfied, unimpressed) -then the practitioners tend to feel angry and low 2 (e.g.: depressed) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataSome RC handling ways are highly organised with a step-by-step process, and some are not.
“The above results demonstrate that some RC handling ways are highly organised where a step-by-step process is followed, and some are not.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenWhen access to the customer is easy/regular, calmness is often felt by practitioners.
“When the access to the customer is easy/ regular, calmness is often felt by the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenCustomer positive engagement leads to high 2 and high 1 emotions in practitioners.
“Customers positive engagement with the project and the team when they are handling RCs leads to high 2 and high 1 (e.g.: calm, satisfied) emotions of the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataPractitioners struggle to look for information needed to work on an RC, which is connected to the challenge of access to customer.
“Practitioners also struggle to look for information needed to work on the RC, which is connected to the challenge”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingnone givenPractitioners believe others in the team also feel the same way when peers make mistakes.
“They also believe that not only themselves, but also others in the team feel the same ways when their peers make mistakes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingnone givenPractitioners making minor mistakes that could have been easily avoided feel both low 1 and low 2 emotions.
“Practitioners themselves making minor mistakes and finding that their mistakes could have been avoided through easy fixes, make them feel both low 1 in general and low 2 (e.g.: over depressed) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenIdeas from ideating become useful when facing similar RCs.
“Even the ideas that practitioners get at times when they use ideating as an exercise for their brains, become useful when they face a similar occasion in real, in this case a similar RC.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenKnowledge acquisition and learning improves practitioners' skills (PC1).
“which also improves their skills (PC1)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
FindingreasoningBetter collaboration and team engagement helps achieve the goal/objective on time (TC5).
“achieve the goal/ objective on time (TC5)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataWhen a team works well, management communicates well, and team collaborates/engages in meetings, practitioners feel high 2 and high 1 emotions.
“When a team works well, and management communicates well with the team, and most importantly when the team works collaboratively and engages well by conducting meetings to work on the RCs, the high 2 (e.g.: inspired, energetic) and high 1 (e.g.: relaxed, satisfied, calm) emotions of practitioners arise as reported by our participants.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenHigh efficiency/productivity of peers is associated with high pleasurable emotions (relaxed, satisfied, calm, at ease).
“High efficiency/ productivity of the team ( B)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
FindingreasoningWorking overtime leads to losing sleep (PC4) and time for relaxation (PC5).
“Not only low pleasurable emotions, but also working overtime leads to losing sleep (PC4) and time for relaxation (PC5)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
FindingreasoningWhen customer is unsatisfied/unimpressed, team may have to redo some RC work (CC2).
“As a further consequence of this, the team may have to redo some RC work (CC2) as well.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenKnowledge acquisition and learning allows practitioners to feel 'smarter' (PC2).
“allows them to feel “smarter” (PC2)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
FindingreasoningWhen practitioners find learning/knowledge acquisition difficult, they may experience low 1 and low 2 emotions.
“In such cases, the practitioners may experience low 1 (e.g.: anxious) and low 2 (e.g.: gloomy, fatigued, discouraged, over depressed) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenTeam efficiency and productivity tends to lead to high pleasurable emotions in practitioners when working on RCs.
“Being efficient and productive tends to lead to high pleasurable emotions”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataManager building better relationships through communication and coordination (relationship management) is associated with high pleasurable emotions (inspired, satisfied, relaxed).
“| [+B] Manager building better relationships through | Inspired |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataPractitioners suggest a process (identify scope, discuss with product owner, quick POC, plan, design, assign work) to help manage emotions.
“Practitioners suggest → identify the scope affected → discuss with the relevant product owner → quick POC implementation → plan → design → assign work.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
FindingcitationWhen the team is efficient and productive, the absence of a manager does not make much difference.
“At the same time, when the team is efficient and productive, the absence of a manager does not make much difference, as mentioned by βP193 who is both a developer and a manager.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingnone givenLow complexity requirements changes are associated with low pleasurable emotions (angry).
“| | | Angry | | |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenManager lacking empathy (social awareness) is associated with low pleasurable emotions (angry).
“| [-A] Manager lacking empathy (social awareness) | Low 1 in gen. Angry |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
FindingreasoningCustomer scepticism possibly leads to team redoing RC work (CC2) and not fully addressing the RC (CC3).
“This also possibly leads to the team redoing their RC work (CC2) and the team not fully addressing the RC, expecting that it will change again (CC3).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataPractitioner preference in learning/knowledge acquisition is associated with high pleasurable emotions (excited, inspired).
“| [+A] Preference in learning/ knowledge acquisition [IC2, IC3, IC4] | High 2 in gen. Excited Inspired |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataManager having empathy (social awareness) is associated with high pleasurable emotions (energetic, calm).
“| [+A] Manager having empathy (social awareness) | High 1 in gen. Calm |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenWhen peers make mistakes, practitioners may feel low 1 emotions (anger, disgust).
“When peers make mistakes, but not the practitioners themselves, they may feel low 1 (e.g.: angry, disgusted) emotions in general, and specifically anger and even disgust.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataSlow-working team members who believe in traditional ways result in low efficiency/productivity and low 1 emotions in practitioners.
“On the contrary, team members whose rate of working is slow, and who believe in traditional ways of executing tasks, tend to result in low efficiency and low productivity, and low 1 (e.g.: angry, anxious) emotions in practitioners, as perceived by them.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingnone givenPractitioner ideating often generates high 2 emotions.
“Practitioners coming up with ideas to work on the RC, often generate high 2 emotions in general in them as they reported.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataStudy participants reported factors that heavily influence RC handling and trigger emotions.
“We have presented the factors that our study participants reported to heavily influence RC handling and in triggering emotions of the practitioners.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenWhen an RC is complicated, practitioners feel low 1 emotions.
“When an RC is complicated, practitioners feel low 1 emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenBetter collaboration and team engagement enable finding solutions easily (TC2).
“Better collaboration and team engagement also enable finding solutions easily (TC2)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenHaving supportive peers results in team efficiency and productivity (TC1).
“Having supportive peers also result in the efficiency and productivity of the team (TC1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenTeam inefficiency and unproductivity tends to lead to low pleasurable emotions in practitioners when working on RCs.
“being inefficient and unproductive tends to lead to low pleasurable emotions of practitioners when they are working on RCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
FindingreasoningBetter collaboration and team engagement lessens the probability of feeling frustrated and pressurised (TC4).
“lessens the probability of feeling frustrated and pressurised (TC4)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataSometimes the first come, first served strategy works well for managing emotional impact of RCs.
“Sometimes this strategy works well for managing emotional impact of RCs”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataCommon techniques of RC handling include impact analysis, prioritisation, effort estimation, and POC implementation or writing pseudocode before implementation.
“However, common techniques of RC handling include, but are not limited to, impact analysis, prioritisation, effort estimation, and POC implementation or writing pseudocode before implementation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataRC prioritisation can be done based on market changes, team learning, customer business need, or combinations.
“As mentioned by several participants, prioritisation can be done based on the changes in the market, based on team leaning, and the business need of the customer, or combinations.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenBetter relationship management within the team through collaboration and engagement is associated with high pleasurable emotions.
“Better relationship management within the team through collaboration and engagement ( C)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataLess autonomy due to forced effort on working overtime is associated with low pleasurable emotions (bored, depressed).
“| [-B] Less autonomy due to forced effort on working overtime [IC5, IC6] | Low 2 in gen. Bored Depressed |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
FindingreasoningCustomer positive engagement allows defining the RC, resulting in a better outcome.
“Customers positive engagement not only leads to high pleasure emotions of the team but also allows defining the RC, thereby resulting in a better outcome.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimThe quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataHaving required expertise/competency/relevant experience of peers is associated with high pleasurable emotions (relaxed, satisfied, calm, at ease, inspired, excited, energetic).
“High pleasurable team-related factors:Having the required expertise/ competency/ relevant experience within the team ( A)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataWorking through design changes and pseudocode before implementing an RC was suggested as effective by some participants, allowing them to gauge emotional impact up front.
“Before implementing an RC, working through design changes and pseudocode was suggested as an effective technique by some participants, allowing them to gauge impact on emotions up front before fully implementing an RC.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Findingown dataThrough findings from two survey studies, this paper presents key challenging factors and how practitioners feel, and how stakeholders influence RC handling.
“Through findings from two survey studies, this paper presents the key challenging factors that make RC handling a challenge and how practitioners feel when RCs are challenging to handle, how practitioners themselves, their peers in the team, their managers, and customers influence the overall RC handling.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
FindingreasoningBetter collaboration and team engagement can set a practitioner's mood to a 'jolly' level (TC3).
“can set a practitioners' mood to a “jolly” level (TC3)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenWhen customer manifests high 2 and high 1 emotions (satisfied/excited), practitioners tend to feel high 2 and high 1 emotions.
“when the customer is satisfied or excited with practitioners work -that is when the customer manifests both high 2 (e.g.: excited) and high 1 (e.g.: satisfied) emotions -the practitioners tend also to feel both high 2 (e.g.: energetic, inspired) and high 1 (e.g.: calm, satisfied) emotions as well.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenManager's prompt/honest communication, coordination, and conversations make practitioners feel high 2 and high 1 emotions, allowing better RC handling.
“Managers prompt and honest communication, better coordination, and having conversations with the team tend to make the practitioners feel both high 2 (e.g.: inspired) and high 1 (e.g.: satisfied, relaxed) emotions that allows them to better handle the RCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
FindingreasoningBetter collaboration and team engagement helps stay within the budget (TC6).
“and stay within the budget (TC6).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataHigh complexity requirements changes are associated with high pleasurable emotions (excited, energetic).
“When the owner asked us change the third party service provider which they insisted early on the project I felt energetic because we could do it better and easier”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Findingnone givenLow efficiency/low productivity of the team is associated with low pleasurable emotions.
“Low pleasurable team-related factors: Low efficiency/ low productivity of the team ( B)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataMaking mistakes is associated with low pleasurable emotions (depressed).
“| [-D] Making mistakes | Low 1 in gen. Depressed [over] |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingnone givenWhen team members do not work as expected, practitioners may feel low 1 emotions.
“Also, when team members do not work as expected by practitioners, that also may lead to low 1 emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
FindingreasoningKnowledge acquisition and learning lets practitioners meet peers' requests if they ask (PC3).
“let the practitioners meet peers requests if they ask for any (PC3)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Findingown dataCustomer being sceptical is associated with low pleasurable emotions in practitioners (bored, depressed, discouraged).
“| [-C] Customer being sceptical [CC2, CC3] | Low 2 in gen. Bored Depressed |”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Interpretationnone givenEffort, cross-functionality, access to customer, manager impact, and relationship management of customer are socio-technical aspects of handling RCs.
“Effort, cross-functionality, access to the customer, manager impact, and relationship management of the customer are socio-technical aspects of handling RCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationreasoningLow pleasurable emotions may not always be due to rational beliefs practitioners have.
“Applying these two forms to our findings around low pleasurable emotions, it can be said that the low pleasurable emotions may not be always due to rational beliefs the practitioners have.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
InterpretationreasoningThe size of the RC impacts effort and increases scope, i.e., scope creep.
“This indicates that the size of the RC, impacts effort (rewriting incurs effort) and increases the scope -i.e., scope creep.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
Interpretationown dataSome challenges are technical and some are social, belonging to aspects of agile, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence.
“Some challenges are technical and some are social which also belong to aspects of agile, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Interpretationnone givenCross-functionality applies to practitioners, peers, and manager.
“In addition, cross-functionality, which is often a characteristic of agile teams, applies to practitioners, their peers, and manager.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Study design and conductown dataFindings were derived from opinions of practitioners, which may not be true.
“These findings were derived from the opinions of the practitioners -which are what they believe but which may not be true.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
PremisecitationRequirements dependability and change conflicts with existing requirements are considered challenges in RC management in general.
“We combined requirements dependability and change conflicts with existing requirements, which are considered as challenges in RC management in general [45] as cascading impact.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [45] source
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductnone givenAfter iteratively going through analysis, a final meeting was held between first and second author to finalise findings.
“After iteratively going through the analysis, a final meeting was held between the first and the second author to finalise the findings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenIn cases where participants did not mention the emotion, the study considered that they felt the emotions in that particular sub-scale in general.
“In cases where the participants did not mention the emotion, we considered that they felt the emotions in that particular sub-scale in general.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Premisenone givenThe ABC model can take two forms: antecedent → rational belief → rational emotions, or antecedent → irrational belief → irrational emotions.
“This can take two forms: (1) antecedent → rational belief → rational emotions, or (2) antecedent → irrational belief → irrational emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationreasoningKey challenging factors of RCs and their dimensions can be used to assess how challenging RCs are before developing the RC.
“The key challenging factors of RCs summarised in Section 5.1 and their respective dimensions can be used to assess how challenging RCs are (as challenge assessment metrics) before developing the RC.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
InterpretationreasoningWhen practitioners are controlled, their autonomy is restricted, violating the psychological need.
“When they are being controlled, their autonomy is restricted, hence the psychological need is violated.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationreasoningGood working relationships, where collaborative working and team engagement play major roles, are essential to effectively handling RCs.
“Good working relationships, where collaborative working and team engagement play major roles, are essential to effectively handling RCs.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim.
Interpretationown dataThe findings led to deriving a set of recommended practices that can be utilised throughout the RC handling life cycle.
“These findings ultimately led to derive a set of recommended practices that can be utilised throughout the RC handling life cycle.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: RCs are unavoidable and impact the scope, cost, and time of software development projects.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
InterpretationreasoningWhen the size of the RC is large and causes low pleasurable emotions, the RC can be broken down into manageable sizes to regulate low pleasurable emotions.
“For example, when the size of the RC is large (antecedent) and causes low pleasurable emotions, the RC can be broken down into manageable sizes (regulation) so that feeling low pleasurable emotions are regulated.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
InterpretationreasoningPractitioners making mistakes generating low pleasurable emotions can be thought of as an irrational belief; mistakes could be considered an opportunity to learn, resulting in high pleasurable emotions.
“For example, practitioners making mistakes generating low pleasurable emotions, can be thought of as an irrational belief; where mistakes could be considered as an opportunity to learn, thus resulting in high pleasurable emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductnone givenWe have not studied the practicality of the suggestions we have made.
“However, we have not studied the practicality of the suggestions we have made.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Premisenone givenAccording to self-determination theory, autonomy is one of the psychological needs of human beings.
“According to self-determination theory, autonomy is one of the psychological needs of human beings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
InterpretationreasoningTo better handle RCs with positive emotions in socio-technical environments, agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence need to cooperate with each other.
“to better handle RCs with positive emotions in socio-technical environments, agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence need to cooperate with each other.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: RCs are unavoidable and impact the scope, cost, and time of software development projects.
- Rests on an assumption: RCs act as stimuli in triggering the emotions of software practitioners who handle them.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductnone givenAll data were analysed by the first author.
“All data were analysed by the first author.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
InterpretationreasoningTo better handle RCs with positive emotions in socio-technical environments, agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence need to cooperate.
“Therefore, to better handle RCs with positive emotions in socio-technical environments, agility, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence need to cooperate with each other.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Interpretationown dataRC handling challenging factors and stakeholder factors both contribute to triggering emotions in practitioners.
“From our findings, it is evident that RC handling challenging factors and stakeholders factors both contribute to the triggering of emotions in practitioners.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Study design and conductnone givenDefinitions of challenging factors in survey Alpha and definitions for emotions in survey Beta were not given.
“However, the definitions of the challenging factors in survey Alpha and the definitions for emotions in survey Beta were not given.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Interpretationown dataMajority of factors under practitioner and peers belong to cognitive intelligence; majority under customer and manager belong to relationship management (emotional intelligence).
“The majority of the factors under practitioner and peers belong to cognitive intelligence areas, whereas the majority of factors under customer and manager belong to relationship management which comes under emotional intelligence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
Study design and conductreasoningTo mitigate subjectivity, the team had weekly meetings and discussed findings.
“In order to mitigate the subjectivity of the analysis, the team had weekly meetings and discussed the findings.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductreasoningFindings around emotions may have been different during a time without a pandemic.
“The findings around the emotions we have presented in this paper may have been different during a time without a pandemic.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationPrioritisation is a challenge in RC management in general.
“along with prioritisation as prioritisation is a challenge in RC management in general.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [45] source
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Premisenone givenAccording to the ABC model of emotions, antecedents lead to beliefs that result in consequences including emotions.
“According to the ABC model of emotions, antecedents (factors) (A) lead to beliefs (B) that eventually result in consequences (including emotions) (C).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Study design and conductown dataMajority of survey Alpha participants represented Asia; majority of survey Beta represented North America.
“The majority of the participants in survey Alpha represented Asia, while the majority of the participants in survey Beta represented North America.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimIt may state two separate claims as one.
Interpretationnone givenSome challenges of RC handling are technical and some are social, belonging to aspects of agile practice, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence.
“Some challenges are technical and some are social which also belong to aspects of agile practice, emotional intelligence, and cognitive intelligence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: RCs are unavoidable and impact the scope, cost, and time of software development projects.
- Rests on an assumption: RCs act as stimuli in triggering the emotions of software practitioners who handle them.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
Study design and conductnone givenBoth surveys were conducted during the Covid-19 global pandemic, where emotional wellbeing of every global citizen was impacted.
“Both surveys were conducted during the Covid-19 global pandemic, where the emotional wellbeing of every global citizen was impacted.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationComplexity is one of the important drivers in software cost.
“According to Boehm [44], complexity is one of the important drivers in software cost.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [44] source
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductnone givenIn both surveys, we provided the definition of RC so all participants share same understanding.
“In both surveys, we provided the definition of RC so that all participants share the same understanding.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductown dataThe study did not force the findings to emerge.
“we did not force the findings to emerge but later on aided in identifying evidence for RC challenging factors in survey Beta.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
RCs are unavoidable and impact the scope, cost, and time of software development projects.
“As RCs are unavoidable and impact the scope, cost, and time of the software development project, RCs can often be challenging for software practitioners to handle.”
The paper relies on this without support.
RCs act as stimuli in triggering the emotions of software practitioners who handle them.
“RCs also act as stimuli in triggering the emotions of software practitioners who handle them.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The survey Beta sample is representative of the survey development population.
“we used random sampling first to get a sample to represent the survey development population”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Participants share a common understanding of the terminology.
“We assumed that the participants share a common understanding of the terminology.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Survey Alpha new-development count differs from Table 7
MinorThe text reports 26 Survey Alpha participants with new-development projects, while Table 7 lists 22.
“Alpha (N=26; 65%)”
“| IT | 23 | New Development | 22 | Scrum | 28 |”
Survey Alpha developer count differs from Table 5
MinorThe text reports 18 developers in Survey Alpha, while Table 5 lists 15.
“Alpha (N=18; 45%)”
“| Asia | 26 | Dev | 15 |”
Participant ID for the less-complex implementation differs
MinorThe same example is attributed to βP194 in the findings and βP94 in the data-analysis description.
“For example, as βP194 mentioned, they felt high 2 emotions when the implementation turned out to be less complex than it was initially specified.”
“when participant βP94 answered the question on when he felt high 2 emotions as "when the implementation turns out to be less complex than initially specified"”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Madampe, K., Hoda, R., & Grundy, J.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
- Published
- 2023-05-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3325-3343
- ISSN
- 0098-5589 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-3520
- 2326-3881
- OpenAlex
- W4323338615
- Semantic Scholar
- 9c64c91f8834745bea56d5ecb35b90d64dd18687
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 5.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Monash Faculty of IT scholarship
- ARC (DP200100020)
- ARC Laureate Fellowship (FL190100035)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Software › Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
- Keywords
- requirements change, agile software development, emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, stakeholder influence, socio-technical systems, non-functional requirements, requirements engineering practices
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
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