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Beyond species loss: the extinction of ecological interactions in a changing world

Valiente‐Banuet, Alfonso, Aizen, Marcelo A., Alcántara, Julio M., Arroyo, Juan, Cocucci, Andrea, Galetti, Mauro, García, María B., García, Daniel, Gómez, José M., Jordano, Pedro, Medel, Rodrigo, Navarro, Luis, Obeso, José R., Oviedo, Ramona, Ramírez, Nelson, Rey, Pedro J., Traveset, Anna, Verdú, Miguel, Zamora, Regino·2015·Functional Ecology
DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.12356
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Abstract

Summary: The effects of the present biodiversity crisis have been largely focused on the loss of species. However, a missed component of biodiversity loss that often accompanies or even precedes species disappearance is the extinction of ecological interactions. Here, we propose a novel model that (i) relates the diversity of both species and interactions along a gradient of environmental deterioration and (ii) explores how the rate of loss of ecological functions, and consequently of ecosystem services, can be accelerated or restrained depending on how the rate of species loss covaries with the rate of interactions loss. We find that the loss of species and interactions are decoupled, such that ecological interactions are often lost at a higher rate. This implies that the loss of ecological interactions may occur well before species disappearance, affecting species functionality and ecosystems services at a faster rate than species extinctions. We provide a number of empirical case studies illustrating these points. Our approach emphasizes the importance of focusing on species interactions as the major biodiversity component from which the ‘health’ of ecosystems depends.

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Metadata

Authors
Valiente‐Banuet, A., Aizen, M. A., Alcántara, J. M., Arroyo, J., Cocucci, A., Galetti, M., García, M. B., García, D., Gómez, J. M., Jordano, P., Medel, R., Navarro, L., Obeso, J. R., Oviedo, R., Ramírez, N., Rey, P. J., Traveset, A., Verdú, M., & Zamora, R.
Affiliations
  • Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ap. Postal 70‐275 México 04510 DF México
  • Laboratorio Ecotono‐CRUB Universidad Nacional del Comahue and INIBIOMA 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
  • Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología Universidad de Jaén E‐23071 Jaén Spain
  • Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología Universidad de Sevilla Apdo. 1095 E‐41080 Sevilla Spain
  • Laboratorio de Biología Floral Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Casilla de Correo 495 5000 Córdoba Argentina
  • Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) 13506‐900 Rio Claro Sao Paulo Brazil
  • Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología CSIC Apdo. 13034 E‐50080 Zaragoza Spain
  • Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB CSIC‐UO‐PA) E‐33071 Oviedo Spain
  • Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZA‐CSIC) Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano E‐04120 Almería Spain
  • Integrative Ecology Group Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n Isla de La Cartuja E‐41092 Sevilla Spain
  • Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 Santiago Chile
  • Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences Faculty of Biology University of Vigo As Lagoas‐Marcosende E‐36200 Vigo Spain
  • Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática de La Habana Carretera Varona 11835 e/ Oriente y Lindero La Habana 19 Cp 11900 Calabazar Boyeros Cuba
  • Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Biología Experimental Universidad Central de Venezuela Aptdo. 48312 Caracas 1041A Venezuela
  • Terrestrial Ecology Group Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC‐Global) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB) C/Miquel Marqués 21 E‐07190 Esporles Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain
  • Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE CSIC‐UV‐GV) Apartado Oficial E‐46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
  • Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada E‐18071 Granada Spain
Venue
Functional Ecology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-11-28
Volume
29
Issue
3
Pages
299-307
ISSN
  • 0269-8463
  • 1365-2435
DOI
10.1111/1365-2435.12356
Cited by
861
References
7
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Funders
  • Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (409AC0369)
  • Spanish MEC (CGL2011-13456-E)
  • Junta de Andalucía Excellence (RNM-5731)
  • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SEV-2012-0262)
  • FONDECYT (1120155)
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • Fundação de Amparo 'a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

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