Our Eyes do Not Always Go Where we Want Them to Go: Capture of the Eyes by New Objects
Abstract
Observers make rapid eye movements to examine the world around them. Before an eye movement is made, attention is covertly shifted to the location of the object of interest. The eyes typically will land at the position at which attention is directed. Here we report that a goal-directed eye movement toward a uniquely colored object is disrupted by the appearance of a new but task-irrelevant object, unless subjects have a sufficient amount of time to focus their attention on the location of the target prior to the appearance of the new object. In many instances, the eyes started moving toward the new object before gaze started to shift to the color-singleton target. The eyes often landed for a very short period of time (25–150 ms) near the new object. The results suggest parallel programming of two saccades: one voluntary, goal-directed eye movement toward the color-singleton target and one stimulus-driven eye movement reflexively elicited by the appearance of the new object. Neuroanatomical structures responsible for parallel programming of saccades are discussed.
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Physically salient task-irrelevant distractors can disrupt top-down control and capture attention and eyes.
“For example, research demonstrated that when searching for a given target, physically salient distractors that are otherwise irrelevant for the task at hand can disrupt top-down control and capture attention (“attentional capture”: Theeuwes, 1992; Yantis & Jonides, 1990) as well as our eyes (“oculomotor capture”: Theeuwes, Kramer, Hahn & Irwin, 1998; Theeuwes, Kramer, Hahn, Irwin, & Zelinsky, 1999”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Theeuwes et al., 1998
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Milstein, D. M., & Dorris, M. C. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0577-07.2007 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Attentional and oculomotor capture with static singletons
Theeuwes, J., de Vries, G., & Godijn, R. (2003) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194810 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnham, B. R. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194082 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Camalier, C. R., Gotler, A., Murthy, A., Thompson, K. G., Logan, G. D., Palmeri, T. J., & Schall, J. D. (2007) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.04.021 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
No capture outside the attentional window
Belopolsky, A. V., & Theeuwes, J. (2010) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.08.023 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationRemembering a Location Makes the Eyes Curve Away
Theeuwes, J., Olivers, C. N. L., & Chizk, C. L. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00803.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy are antisaccades slower than prosaccades? A novel finding using a new paradigm
Olk, B., & Kingstone, A. F. (2003) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200301200-00028 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A Gaze-Based Driver Distraction Warning System and Its Effect on Visual Behavior
Ahlstrom, C. H. G., Kircher, K., & Kircher, A. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2013.2247759 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
New objects dominate luminance transients in setting attentional priority.
Enns, J. T., Austen, E. L., Lollo, V. D., Rauschenberger, R., & Yantis, S. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.27.6.1287 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Eye Guidance and Visual Search
Findlay, J. M., & Gilchrist, I. D. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043361-5/50014-6 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Evidence for second-order singleton suppression based on probabilistic expectations.
Won, B.-Y., Kosoyan, M., & Geng, J. J. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000594 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Age Differences in the Control of Looking Behavior: Do You Know Where Your Eyes Have Been?
Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S., Irwin, D. E., & Theeuwes, J. (2000) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00243 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationDistractor modulation of saccade trajectories: spatial separation and symmetry effects
McSorley, E., Haggard, P., & Walker, R. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1729-5 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
At the Edge of Consciousness: Automatic Motor Activation and Voluntary Control
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The Relationship Between Inhibition of Return and Saccade Trajectory Deviations.
Godijn, R., & Theeuwes, J. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.30.3.538 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-Term Inhibition of Return of Attention
Tipper, S. P., Grison, S., & Kessler, K. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.01413 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Distinct Cortical and Collicular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Return Revealed with S Cone Stimuli
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You do not find your own face faster; you just look at it longer
Devue, C., der Stigchel, S. V., Brédart, S., & Theeuwes, J. (2009) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.01.003 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationMüsseler, J., Stork, S., & Kerzel, D. (2002) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280143000359 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Seeing is not necessarily liking: Advancing research on package design with eye-tracking ☆
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Nieuwenhuis, S., Ridderinkhof, K. R., de Jong, R., Kok, A., & van der Molen, M. W. (2000) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.15.4.635 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Eye Movement in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of the Literature
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Improved top-down control reduces oculomotor capture: The case of action video game players
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A competitive integration model of exogenous and endogenous eye movements
Meeter, M., Van der Stigchel, S., & Theeuwes, J. (2010) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-010-0365-y · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationOculomotor capture by stimuli that signal the availability of reward
Failing, M., Nissens, T., Pearson, D., Pelley, M. E. L., & Theeuwes, J. (2015) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00441.2015 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationTarget similarity affects saccade curvature away from irrelevant onsets
Ludwig, C. J. H., & Gilchrist, I. D. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1520-7 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Nose Tells it to the Eyes: Crossmodal Associations between Olfaction and Vision
Seigneuric, A., Durand, K., Jiang, T., Baudouin, J., & Schaal, B. (2010) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6740 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Control of attention and gaze in complex environments
Jovancevic, J., Sullivan, B. T., & Hayhoe, M. (2006) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/6.12.9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The limits of top-down control of visual attention
der Stigchel, S. V., Belopolsky, A. V., Peters, J. C., Wijnen, J. G., Meeter, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2009) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.07.001 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomatic motor activation in the executive control of action
McBride, J. M., Boy, F., Masud Husain, B., & Sumner, P. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00082 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The influence of eye-gaze and arrow pointing distractor cues on voluntary eye movements
Kuhn, G., & Benson, V. (2007) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03193934 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
- Authors
- Theeuwes, J., Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S., & Irwin, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Theeuwes, Jan
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 379-385
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2118101423
- Cited by
- 646
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- saccades, covert attention, attentional capture, gaze shifts, saccade latency, reflexive eye movements
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